⏹ 考试题型及出题范围 (coming soon中文意思期末卷面成绩占80%, 平时上课及作业10%, 口语考试10%)
⏹ (1) 听力理解20题 (20%) : 课内(听说课本的part 1 and 2) 占15%, 课外5%. 均为选择题 (四选一)
⏹ (2) 词汇25题 (25%): 阅读课本五个单元Text当然的英文Ａ中的黑体字是重点，均为选择题 (四选一)．
⏹ (3)阅读理解２０题（２０％)课外两篇长度大约１０００字的阅读文章，均为选择题 (四选一)．
⏹ (4) 翻译（１５％）：英译汉４句，选自五篇课内阅读文章；汉译英３句（或一小段），选自翻译课本（汉译英那一章）
⏹ （5）写作（２０％）：给两篇文章，长度１０００字左右，选读一篇并写出约１５０字的summary．
我的笔记做的不详细，错误的地方请自己修改。
剑桥商务英语中级教材
Unit 1 translation
1. it’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the reasons for the disappointing results of attempts at communications.
在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。
2. one answer to the question of why misunderstanding or rejection happens might be that many of us naively assume there are sufficient similarities among peoples of the world to enable us to successfully exchange information or feelings, solve problems of mutual concerns, cement business relationships, or just make the kind of impression we wish to make.
为什么误解或反对会产生呢？这个问题的一个回答就是，大部分的人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或感受，解决共同关注的一些问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。
3. The tendency for all people to reproduce, group into families or societies, develop a language, and adapt to their environment is particularly deceiving becau it leads to the expectation that the forms of the behaviors and the attitudes and values surrounding them will also be similar.
所有的人都会生儿育女，组成家庭或社会，习得一种语言以及适应他们周围环境的这种倾向特别具有欺骗性，因为它带来了一种期望，这种期望就是这些行为的形式以及围绕这些行动的态度与价值观念将是相似的。
4. it’s comforting to believe that “people are people” and “deep down we are all alike,” but a determined arch for roof of this leads to disappointment.
相信“人就是人”和成都托福“我们内在本质是相似的，”这让人感到心安理得，但是下定决心去寻找证据却只会令人失望。
5. Promising are the cross-cultural studies eking to support Darwin’s theory that facial expressions are universal and rearchers found that the particular visible pattern on the
face, the combination of muscles contracted for anger, fear, surpri, sadness, disgust, and happiness is the same for all members of our species, but this ems helpful until it is realized that person’s cultural upbringing determines whether or not that emotion will be displayed or suppresd, as well as on which occasions and to what degree.
力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。tour
6. Since there ems to be no universals of “human nature” that can be ud as a basis for automatic understanding, we must treat each encounter as an individual ca, arching for whatever perceptions and communication means are held in common and proceed from there.
因为似乎没有普遍的人性可以作为自动理解的基础，所以我们必须把每交往当作个别案例来处理，寻求任何共同的认知和交流方法并以此作为出发点。
7. The confidence that goes with the upttingmyth of similarity is much more comfortable than the assumption of differences, the latter requiring tentative assumptions and behaviors and a willingness to accept the anxiety of “not knowing.”
相信相似性这种错误的观点比设想存在差异更让人觉得舒服，因为后者要求试探性的设想和行为并且乐意接受由于“不知”而产生的焦虑。
8. Only with the assumption of differences, however, can reactions and interpretations adjusted to fit “what’s happening.” Other wi someone is likely to misread signs and judge the scene ethnocentrically.
然而，只有设想存在着差异时，才可能会去调整反应和理解，以适合“眼前发生的事情。”否则，很可能错误地解读符号和以自我民族为中心去判断眼前的情形。
9. The native inhabitants are likely to lulled into the expectation that, since the foreign person is dresd appropriately and speak some of the language, he or she will also have similar nonverbal codes, thoughts and feelings.
昆明电脑培训
本国居民可能会被灌输有这种期望：既然外国人穿着得体，并且能说一些本国话，那么他或她也有同样的非语言的准则、想法和感觉。
10. A wor language problem is the tenacity with which someone will cling to just one meaning of a word or phra in the new language, regardless of connotation or context.
更糟糕的问题是死死抱住新语言中一个词汇或短语的一种意义，而不顾隐含义和语境。
11. They abstract whatever fits into their personal world of recognition and then interpret it through the frame of reference of their own culture.
他们只提精出那些适合他们个人认知世界的东西，然后按照他们自身文化为参考系来加以解释。
12. it is more difficult to note correctly the unspoken codes of the other culture that are further from awareness , such as the handling of time and spatial relationships and subtle signs of respect of formality.
希特勒演讲视频
更困难的是如何正确理解那些远未意识到的其他文化中含蓄的准则，例如对时空关系的处理和尊重礼节的点点滴滴。助你一臂之力
13. If the label “inscrutable” has preceded the Japane guest, it is thus we explain the Japane constant and inappropriate smile.
如果我们对日本人先有了“难以理解的”成见，那么我们就会如此地解释始终挂在日本人脸上的不合时宜的微笑。
14. The stereotype that Arabs are “inflammable” may cau the US students to keep their distance or even alert authorities when an animated and noisy group from the Middle East gathers.
cult of personality
阿拉伯人“易激动的”程式化形象，会导致美国学生与他们保持距离，或是当一群活泼的热闹的来自中东地区的人们聚集在一起时，美国学生甚至会提醒当局当心。
A professor who expects everyone from Indonesia, Mexico, and many other countries to “bargain” may unfairly interpret a hesitation or request from an international student as a
move to manipulate preferential treatment.
如果一位教授认为来自印度尼西亚、墨西哥和一些其他国家的每名学生都“爱讨价还价”，那么可能会不公平地把这些国际学生的迟疑或请求理解为他们试图利用优待。
15. Stereotypes help do what Ernest Becker says the anxiety-prone human race must do——reduce the threat of the unknown by making the world predictable.
