really是什么意思1 Modernism（现代主义）
迫不及待英文
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Modernism is comprehensive but vague term for a movement ， which begin in the late 19th century and which has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20th century.xnb是什么意思
2> modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psychoanalysis as its theoretical ca.
lenk3> the term pertains to all the creative arts. Especially poetry， fiction， drama， painting， music and architecture.
现代主义是全面但运动模糊的术语,在19世纪末期开始,在国际上有广泛影响的在20世纪的大部分时间。2 >现代主义以非理性哲学和精神分析理论为其理论的情况。3 >这个词属于所有的创造性艺术。特别是诗歌、小说、戏剧、绘画、音乐和建筑。
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2 Transcendentalism（超验主义）
pclTranscendentalism is literature， philosophical and literary movement that flourished in new England from about 1836 to 1860. it is the summit of American Romanticism. it originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reacting against the orthodoxy of Calvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian Church， developing instead their own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world. Transcendentalism derived some of its basic idealistic concepts from romantic German philosophy， and from such English authors as Coleridge and Wordsworth. Its mystical aspects were partly influenced by Indian and Chine religious teachings. Although Transcendentalism was never a rigorously systematic philosophy， it had some basic tenets that were generally shared by its adherents. The beliefs that God is immanent in each person and in nature and that individual intuition is the highest source of knowledge led to an optimistic emphasis on individualism， lfreliance， and rejection of traditional authority. The ideas of Transcendentalism were most eloquently expresd by Ralph waldo Emerson in such essays as Nature， and by Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden.
超验主义是从1836至1860于新英格兰发起的一场文学，哲学以及艺术运动。即浪漫主义
的顶点。由于一小群知识分子反对加尔文教派和唯一神论教派理性的形式主义，他们从而提出人与自然的神圣这一信念。超验主义受到德国浪漫主义哲学以及英国浪漫主义作家柯勒律治和沃兹华斯的影响，还在一定程度上受到东方古典哲学和宗教的影响。尽管超验主义思想并不能算是严格意义上的哲学， 但是它还是有一些基本原则的。超验主义者认为人人都有内在的神性，只有通过接触自然才能使神性与人的天性相互融合。从而超验主义十分强调个人主义，自立，拒绝传统权威思想。超验主义思想在爱默生的<论自然> 和梭罗的<瓦尔登湖>等书中表现得淋漓尽致
3 American Naturalism（美国自然主义文学）
The American naturalists accepted the more negative interpretation of Darwin‘s evolutionary theory and ud it to accout for the behavior of tho characters in literary works who were regarded as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes， their habits conditioned by social and economic forces.
2） naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less rious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a gl
oomy philosophical approach to reality， or to human existence.3>Dreir is a leading figure of his school.美国自然主义者接受了达尔文的进化理论的负面解读,用它来解释行为的那些被认为是文学作品中的人物或多或少地继承的属性的复杂组合,他们的习惯受制于社会和经济力量。2)自然主义是从现实主义当作者在写作的语气变得严肃和同情,但更多的讽刺和悲观。它只不过是一个悲观的哲学方法现实,或人类生存。3 >德莱塞是学校的一位领物。
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4 Local Colorism（乡土文学）
Generally speaking， the writings of local colorists are concerned with the life of a small， welldefined region or province. The characteristic tting is the isolated small town.
2） Local colorists were consciously nostalgic historians of a vanishing way of life， recorders of a prent that faded before their eyes. Yet for all their ntimentality， they dedicated themlves to minutely accurate descriptions of the life of their regions， they worked from personal experience to record the facts of a local environment and suggeste
d that the native life was shaped by the curious conditions of the local.
3） major local colorists is Mark Twain.2011年考研英语真题
waste一般来说,地方色彩的著作关注的生活小,定义良好的地区或省。特点设置是孤立的小镇。2)当地色彩设计师有意识地怀旧历史学家的消失的生活方式,记录消失在他们眼前的一份礼物。然而,尽管他们的多愁善感,他们致力于详细准确描述他们生活的地区,他们从个人工作经验记录当地环境和事实表明,本地生活是由当地的好奇的条件。3)主要地方色彩是马克·吐温。
