【质量英文】谈谈不良质量成本-COPQ
祝我生日快乐英文Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) investigates the costs that result from the provision of poor quality goods and rvices in order to find ways to improve business process and quality. It is a methodology which lets an organization determine the exact extent to which resources are utilized in the improvement of quality, apprais the quality of products or rvices offered to customers, and the impact of internal and external failures on quality. Wi
th all this information at hand, an organization is well placed to calculate the potential savings that it can gain through improvements in its business process.
为找到改善业务流程和质量的方法，不良质量成本（Cost of Poor Quality，COPQ）调查因提供劣质商品和服务而产生的成本。不良质量成本是一种方法，能让组织确定资源在质量改进中的确切的利用程度，评估提供给客户的产品或者服务的质量，以及内部和外部失败对质量方面的影响。有了这些信息，组织就可以很好地计算出通过改进业务流程可以获得的潜在成本节约。
Types of Costs
成本类型
The quality-related business activities that have associated costs could be divided into the following broad categories:
具有相关成本的质量相关业务活动可分为以下几类：发音词典
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Internal Failure Costs: The are the costs that are associated with various defects that are discovered before a product or rvice is offered to the customer.分析器
内部失败成本：这些成本，与提供给的产品或者服务之前发现的各种缺陷相关联。
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External Failure Costs: The costs are associated with the defects which are discovered after receipt of the product or rvice by the customer.
外部失败成本：这些成本与客户收到产品或者服务后发现的缺陷相关联。
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Appraisal Costs: Appraisal costs are incurred in order for a company to determine the level to which products or rvices conform to quality standards.
评估成本：公司为确定产品或者服务符合质量标准的等级而发生的评估成本。
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Prevention Costs: This is an indication of the costs that an organization incurs in order to keep both failure and appraisal costs as low as possible.
预防成本：这表明，某个组织为了尽可能降低失败和评估成本而产生的成本。
内部失败成本徐田龙子
01
A company may incur internal failure costs in order to find solutions to defective products or rvices before they are delivered to customers. The costs become necessary when the results of the company’s work fails to achieve desired quality standards and defects are identified before delivery. The include:
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为了将有缺陷的产品或者服务交付给客户之前找到解决方案，公司可能会产生内部的失败成本。当公司的工作并未能达到预期的质量标准，并且在交付前发现缺陷时，成本就成了必须的成本。包括：
Waste: Waste requires unnecessary additional work to be performed or inventory withheld due to poor organization, poor communication or errors.
浪费：浪费，需要不必要的额外工作，或者由于组织不良、沟通不良/沟通错误而保留库存。
Scrap: The are defective materials or products which cannot be sold, ud or repaired.
报废：指不能销售、使用或者修理的有缺陷的材料或者产品。
Rectification: This is reworking of defective products or materials to correct errors.aud
修正：指针对有缺陷的产品或者材料进行返工，以纠正错误。
Failure Analysis: This activity is necessary in order to establish what caud an internal failure in a product or rvice.
macau是什么意思失败分析：为确定导致产品或者服务内部出现失败的原因，必须进行该活动。
External Failure Costs
外部失败成本
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When customers discover defects in a product or rvice offered to them, costs are incurred. The external failure costs occur whenever products or rvices reach the customer but are later found to be below the designed quality standard. The include:
一旦客户发现提供给他们的产品或者服务存在缺陷时，就会产生成本。当产品或者服务到达客户端时，外部失败成本就会发生，但后来发现其低于设计的质量标准。包括以下几个方面：
Repair and rvicing: This could be for both product returns and tho still with the customer.
修理和服务：这既适用于产品退货，也适用于仍在客户端的退货。
warningWarranty: Warranty claims are a cost on failed products which need to replaced or for rvices that have to be performed again under guarantee.
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保修：保修索赔，是指需要更换的失败产品，或者在保修期内必须再次执行的服务的费用。
Complaints: This involves the cost of all work related to the handling of complaints from customers.
投诉：涉及与处理客户投诉相关的所有相关工作的成本。ezproxy
Returns: This is due to handling and investigation of products rejected by customers and tho recalled due to poor quality and include the cost of transportation.
退货：这是由于处理和调查客户拒收的产品和因质量低劣而被召回的产品，包括运输方面的成本。
评估成本
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The are the costs associated with the process related to monitoring and measuring t
he quality of a product or rvice when evaluated by suppliers and customers to determine their conformity to t standards. The may include:
这些都是与流程相关的成本，这些流程与产品或者服务的质量的监控和测量有关，当供应商和客户评估以确定其是否符合设定的标准时。可能会包括以下几个方面：
Verification: This is checking of process tup, products and incoming raw materials to ensure they meet specifications.
验证：对流程设置、产品与原材料的来料检查，以确保符合规范。
