第18章波特•韦尔蒂•麦卡勒斯•韦斯特•新批评
18.1 复习笔记
I. Katherine Anne Porter (1890-1980)（凯瑟琳·安·波特）
1. Life（生平）
Katherine Anne Porter was born in Indian Greek, Texas. She began her life as a news reporter and sometimes as an actress and ballad singer. Later she stayed in Europe and Mexico which proved very valuable for her writing. She was basically a short-story writer. Her Collected Stories won her both a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award. She lectured at various universities and received honorary doctorates from various institutions. She was vice president of the National Institute of Arts and Letters from 1950 to 1952.
凯瑟琳·安·波特出生于德克萨斯州印第安河市。她曾做过报社记者，演员和民谣歌手。后来她到过欧洲和墨西哥。这段经历对她日后的写作很有帮助。她主要是短篇小说家。她的《短篇小说集》获得了
普利策奖和全国图书奖。她曾到许多大学做讲座，收到了许多机构授予的荣誉博士学位。从1950年到1952年她担任美国国家艺术与文学协会副主席。
my day作文2. Major works（主要作品）
Flowering Judas《开花的犹大树》
“The Flowering Judas”《开花的犹大树》
“The Jilting of Granny Weatherall”《风霜老奶奶的婚变》
Pale Hor, Pale Rider《灰色骑士灰色马》
Leaning Tower and Other Stories《斜塔及其他》
Ships Of Fools《愚人船》
3. Analysis of major work（主要作品分析）
◆Ships Of Fools《愚人船》
This novel was bad on her first voyage from Mexico to Europe in 1931. She declared that her novel was concerned with the downhill drag of western civilization. The novel consists of three parts, “Embarkation,”“High Sea,” and “The Harours.” The ship is a metaphor for the macrocosmic human world. The novel is suppod to tell the truth about man and his life. And the truth revealed here is disconcertingly depressing. Man is portrayed with his foibles and failings that make him out as an arrant fool. Their behavior is generally so disgusting. Life is so bad and lonely and sickening that it is not quite worth living. They voyage toward a place waiting dark and cold for them. One reads the book and comes away with the impression that misanthropy is justifiable.
该小说是作者根据1931年从墨西哥到欧洲的航行经历写成的。她曾说她的小说讲的是西方文明逐渐衰落的情况。小说分为三部分，即《上船》、《海上》和《港口》。船本身便是人类世界的缩影。小说讲述了关于人及人生的真谛，但是这真谛确实令人感到憋闷。小说描述了人类的缺点不足以致其显得像个十足的傻子。他们的行为令人沮丧的。而人生则苍凉、
保持联系英文>霍比特人 下载落寞、病态，人活着毫无意义。人们的航行最终驶向黑暗、阴冷之地。读这本小说很容易看出作者的厌世情绪。
II. Eudora Welty (1909-2001)（尤多拉·韦尔蒂）
1. Life（生平）
Eudora Welty was born into a rich family in Jackson, Mississippi. She was well educated and had wide contact with life and people. Since the publication of her first story, “Death of a Traveling Salesman” in 1936 (which made her immediately famous), she had been very productive up to her death, writing short stories, novellas, and novels and winning awards including the Pulitzer Prize. She has been most well known for her achievement in writing short stories.
尤多拉·韦尔蒂生于密西西比州杰克逊市一个较富裕的家庭。她受过良好的教育，并且广泛地接触社会生活。1936年她发表了第一篇短篇小说《旅行推销员之死》，这使得她声名鹊起。这之后她笔耕不辍，创作了多篇短篇小说、中篇小说和长篇小说，并获得了普利策奖等奖项。她因短篇小说方面的成就而知名。
2. Literary theory（文学理论）
天然气ngWelty emphasizes the importance of place for literary creations. In her essay “Place in Fiction”, she obrves clearly that “place” rves as a repository for the feelings of authors, makes them pay attention to detail and portray things with clarity, and prepares them e though things. She feels that art that speaks most clearly, explicitly, directly, and passionately from its place of origin will remain the
lwiplongest understood. She is noted for her fidelity to her place, the American south, but manages to reach out to her readers on a more universal plane.
韦尔蒂强调文学创作中地点的重要性。她在《小说里的地点》一文中指出：地点是作者情感的宝库，能使他们关注细节，确切地描绘事物，并且能使他们看清事物的本质。她认为出自其发源地，并以清晰、明确、直接和热情的方式所表达的艺术最能长久地为人们所理解。她以忠于美国南方、并向读者展示了更为广阔的画面著称。
3. Major themes（主题）
Welty’s major themes relate to traditional southern family relationships. Her focus is not so much on describing the vicissitudes of family fortunes as on the exploration of the inner world of her characters, their interactions, and the power of love.
Some works of hers emphasize the theme of isolation and alienation and other aspects of family life.
韦尔蒂作品的主要主题是传统南方社会家庭关系。她的重点并不在于描述家族的兴衰、变化无常，而在于探索人物的内心世界，人际关系以及爱的力量等。
她的一些作品强调孤立、疏远及其他家庭生活方面等主题。
4. Major works（主要作品）
“Death of a Traveling Salesman”《旅行推销员之死》
“Place in Fiction”《小说里的地点》
Delta Wedding《三角洲婚礼》
“A Worn Path”《熟路》
“Why I Live at the P. O.”《我为什么住在邮局》
“Lily Draw and Three Ladies”《莉莉和三位女士》
“The key”《钥匙》
“The Whistle”《哨子》
“Flowers for Marjorie”《送给玛朱莉的花》
5. Analysis of major work（主要作品分析）
◆“Death of a Traveling Salesman”《旅行推销员之死》
“Death of a Traveling Salesman” dramatizes the importance of family. Here Welty offers a picture of alienation through her portrait of Bowman. Cut off from the rest of the world, Bowman lives a loveless, meaningless life with no n of belonging whatever. In contrast, the farmer and his wife enjoy mutual love and trust. They are poor, but they think positive, and act positive, and always have
something good to look forward to. They illustrate the kind of harmony abnt from the bleak existence of the salesman, the harmony of the inner with the external world, and of reason with emotion.
refu的用法《旅行推销员之死》生动地表达了家庭的重要性。在这篇短篇小说中韦尔蒂通过对鲍曼的刻画描绘了一幅孤立的画面。鲍曼与世隔绝，生活中没有爱，没有意义，没有归属感。与此相反，农夫和他的妻子珍爱彼此、互相信任。他们尽管贫穷，但是思想积极，行动积极。总是憧憬着美好的未来。他们阐释了内心与外界、理智与情感的协调一致，而这些正好是推销员鲍曼凄凉的生活中所缺乏的。故事书的英文
成人高考满分作文III. Carson McCullers (1917-1967)（卡森·麦卡勒斯）
2011辽宁高考英语1. Life（生平）
Carson McCullers was born in Columbus, Georgia. When she was little, she was precocious and determined but had few friends. The acute n of isolation might be in part accountable for her obssion with themes such as alienation, violence and horror. She had a rich imagination and want
ed to become a writer. She was well read and attended fiction-writing class at Columbus University. When her first novel, The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, came out in 1940, her successful career began. She wrote some bestllers, became rich and famous, suffered emotional upheavals, and died at 50. McCullers was versatile and productive. Although sick most of her adult life, she kept on writing. She was an admirable writer indeed.
卡森·麦卡勒斯生于佐治亚州的哥伦布市，幼时天资过人，性格坚定，但朋友不多。强烈的孤立感和她日后作品中经常写疏远、暴力和恐怖等主题有关。她想象力丰富并立志成为作家。她阅读广泛，曾在哥伦比亚大学上过小说创作课。1940年她的第一部小说《心是孤独的猎人》出版，她辉煌的文学创作生涯自此开始。她写了一些畅销书，名利双收，但后来精神起伏不定，在50岁时去世。麦卡勒斯多才多艺多产，虽然体弱多病，但坚持创作，颇令人叹服。
2. Major themes（主题）
英文手机铃声
Carson McCullers has a Gothic vision of human life which her friend Tenne Williams called the “n of awful.”Some people, she emed to think, are
