RULES OF BASKETBALL
The unclesamrules of basketball are the rules and regulations that govern the play, officiating, equipment and procedures of basketball. Most leagues, including the National Basketball Association, govern their own rules. In addition, the Technical Commission of the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) determines rules for international play.
Original Rules
James Naismith published in 1891, his rules for the game of "Basket Ball" that he invented:[1] The original game played under the rules was quite different than the one played today as there was no dribbling, dunking, or three pointers.
1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
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2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands.
北京外教网3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he ca
tches it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good speed if he tries to stop.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not be ud for holding it.
5. cookie是什么意思No shouldering, holding, striking, pushing, or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the cond shall disqualify him until the next basket is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed.
徐佳慧6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of rules three and four and such described in rule five
7. If either side makes three concutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the opponents (concutive means without the opponents in the mean time making a foul).
8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the baske
t and stays there (without falling), providing tho defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play and played by the first person touching it. In ca of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five conds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that side.
10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three concutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify people according to Rule 5.
11. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the baskets, with any other duties that are usually p
erformed by a scorekeeper.
12. The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between.
13. The side making the most points in that time is declared the winner.
Players, substitutes, teams and teammates
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Naismith's original rules did not specify how many players were to be on the court. In 1900, five players became standard, and players that were substituted were not allowed to re-enter the game. Players were allowed to re-enter a game once from 1921, and twice from 1934; such restrictions on substitutions were abolished in 1945 when substitutions became unlimited. Coaching was originally prohibited during the game, but from 1949, coaches were allowed to address players during a time-out.
Originally a player was disqualified on his cond foul. This limit became four fouls in 1911 and five fouls in 1945, still the ca in most forms of basketball where the normal length of the game (before any overtime periods) is 40 minutes. When the normal length i心理素质培训
s 48 minutes (this is the ca with the National Basketball Association in the United States and the National Basketball League初旬的意思 in Australia, among others) a player is accordingly disqualified on his sixth foul.
Shot clock and time limits
See also: Defensive three-cond violation
The first time restriction on posssion of the ball was introduced in 1933, where teams were required to advance the ball over the center line within ten conds of gaining posssion. This rule remained until 2000, when FIBA reduced the requirement to eight conds, the NBA following suit in 2001. The NCAA retains the 10-cond rule for men's play, but has never adopted a time limit for women's play. U.S. high schools, who rules are drafted by NFHS国庆节快乐英语, also u the 10-cond rule for both xes.
In 1936 the three-cond rule was introduced. This rule prohibits offensive players from remaining near their opponents' basket for longer than three conds (the preci restrict
berkeleyed area is also known as the lane or the key). A game central to this rule's introduction was that between the University of Kentucky and New York University. Kentucky coach Adolph Rupp did not take one of his referees with him, despite being warned of discrepancies in officiating between the midwest and east by Notre Dame coach George Keogan, and the game became especially rough. Becau of this game and others, 6'5" (1.96 m) Kentucky All American center Leroy Edwards is generally recognized as the player responsible for the 3 cond rule.
