语言学名词解释（6）
Define the following terms:
1. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.sideshow
2. Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and ud in communication is called phonology.
3. Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form ntences is called syntax. .
4. Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of u is called pragmatics.
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5. Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to the workings of mind is called psycholinguistics.
价值观的英文英语新闻6. Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols ud for human communication.
7. Phonetics: The study of sounds which are ud in linguistic communication is called phonetics.
8. Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology.
9. Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called mantics.
10. Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics.
11. Applied linguistics: In a narrow n, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and cond languages. In a broad n, it refers to the application of linguistic findings to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability.
12. Arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no log
ical connection between meanings and sounds
13. Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its urs.
14. Displacement: Displacement means that language can be ud to refer to things which are prent or not prent, real or imagined matters in the past, prent, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be ud to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker
15. Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two ts of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings.
16. Design features: Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that
yilandistinguish it from any animal system of communication
17. Competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal ur's knowledge of the rules of his language,
18. Performance: performance is the actual realization of the knowledge of the rules in linguistic communication.
19. Langue : Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community; Langue is the t of conventions and rules which language urs all have to follow; Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently
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20. Parole: Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual u; parole is the concrete u of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.45. phonology: Phonology studies the system of sounds of a particular language; it aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how the sounds are ud to convey meaning in linguistic communication.
21. phoneme: The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit of distinctive value. But it is an abstract unit. To be exact, a phoneme is not a sound; it is a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
22. allophone: The different phones which can reprent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the allophones of that phoneme.
clau23. international phonetic alphabet: It is a standardized and internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription.
24. intonation: When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the ntence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation.
25. phonetics: Phonetics is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world' s languages
26. auditory phonetics: It studies the speech sounds from the hearer's point of view. It studies how the sounds are perceived by the hear-er.
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27. acoustic phonetics: It studies the speech sounds by looking at the sound waves. It studies the physical means by which speech sounds are transmitted through the air from one person to another.
528. phone : Phones can be simply defined as the speech sounds we u when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or gment. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning.
sultan kon529. phonemic contrast: Phonemic contrast refers to the relation between two phonemes. If two phonemes can occur in the same environment and distinguish meaning, they are in phonemic contrast.
30. tone: Tones are pitch variations, which are caud by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords.
31. minimal pair: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound gment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair.information可数吗
