词根词缀分类记忆
（（士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远））
互文1．人体主要器官前缀
名称 通用名 前（后）缀 常用形容词 示例
心 heart cardia- cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology
脑 brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology
肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology
肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology
胃 stomach gastro- gastric gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology
胆 gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy
肠 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology
脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology
胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy
肾 kidney nephro- renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology
耳 oto- otolith
鼻 rhino- rhinopolypus
喉 laryn- laryngal/laryngalgia
kaguya
2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀
cakes什么意思名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例
血 blood hemo-/hemato/-emia hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma/hyperglycemia血管 vesl vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular
静脉 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction
西式早餐
动脉 artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis
肌 muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis
髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma
神经 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron
细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte(mature cell)
-blast(immature cell) cytology/cytoma/leukocyte
尿 urine uro-/ur-/-uria urology/urosurgery/urogenital/hematuria 体 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome
呼吸 breathing -pnea
Dyspnea
吃吞 swallowing , eating -phagia
polyphagia
3．与数字有关的前缀用身份证查四级准考证
数字 前缀 示例
一（单） mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional
二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide
三 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve
四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia
五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride
六 hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund
七 hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent
八 octa- octahedral/octal system
九building缩写 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon
十 deca- decade/decagram/decaliter
注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀drastic+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）
十一 undec- undecanol
十二 duode- duodenum
百 hecto- hectogram
千 kilo- kilocalorie
无 nulli- (none,never have been) nulligravida
少 oligo- (scanty,few) oliguria
一半 hemi-/mi- (half) hemisphere micircular
许多 poly- /multi- (many) polyuria multinucleated
全部 pan- pancytopenia
百分之一 centi- centimeter
千分之一 milli- milliliter
百万分之一 micro- microliter
再次 re- (again) reasss
industrialization
4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀
颜色 通用名 前缀 示例
色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer
红 red erythro- / rubr/i- rubricyte erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometery
白 white leuko- / alb- / leuco-
leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira /albumin/
leucocyte
黑 black melano- / mela- / nigro-
melanocyte/melanoma/melanoderma /melanin/
nigral
黄 yellow xantho-/lute-/jaund- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma/jaundice/
luteum
蓝 blue cyan-/cyano- cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia
紫 violet/purple
绿 green chlor- chloroma
棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring
橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange
粉红 pink eosin- eosinophils
oink frothy sputum
绯红 crimson
青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes
灰色 gray poli- poliomyelitis
注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.
5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)
含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例
病 patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis
/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy
病态 -osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis
增多 -osis(for tho ending in “-cyte”)
-ia(for tho ending in“-phil”)
leukocytosis/granulocytosis/eosinophilia
减少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/
granulocytopenia
无 a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia
小/微 -let droplet/platelet/leaflet
micro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus
大/巨 macro- / gigant- huge gigantism macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage
-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly
复合/多 poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia
全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic
6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)
含义 前（后）缀 示例
相反 dis- dia/disorder/disability
困难/障碍 dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea
不良 mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice
不同于正常标准ultra- beyond what is normal ultraviolet/ultransitive
炎症 -itis appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis
瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma
血症 -emia leukemia/ptimia/bacteremia
痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-/-dynia analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer/arthraliga 麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia
流出 -rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea
坏死 -necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia
结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes
7．与方位有关的前缀
含义 通用词 前缀 示例
上 upper/superior epi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal
下 lower/inferior infra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous normalization
前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis
/pre-
后 back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac
内 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial
外 outer/external ex-/exo-/ecto- extract/excretion/exocardial/ectopic/
