20XX年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题
Section I U of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choo the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___
that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some dias compared to tho who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health。
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to
rottabe normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obe. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obe, verely obe, and very verely obe。男生穿衣打扮
While such numerical standards em 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,
10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obe, though their percentage body fat is low. Converly, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI。
Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor bias against the obe. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools。
1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured
2.[A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome
3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewi [D] Therefore
tremendously4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example
5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern
6. [A] in terms of [B] in ca of [C] in favor of [D] in of
7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies
8. [A] in esnce [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
9. [A] complicated [B] conrvative [C] variable [D] straightforward
10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless
11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste
12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay
13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant
实行英文
14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency
15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored
16. [A]compared [B] combined [C] ttled [D] associated
17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only
18. [A] despid [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded
19. [A] discussions [B] business [C] policies [D] studies
20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without
Section II Reading Comprehension
按摩霜Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an
84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed hou in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do wor than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton。
The two academics u an array of behavioral rearch to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with the material purchas wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes
old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. The purchas often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others。
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It ems most people would be better off
if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for onelf, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obssion。
Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment,
not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than tho in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be en among rich and poor people around the world,
and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will
agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away
from this book believing it was money well spent。
21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purcha?
[A]A big hou
[B]A special tour
[C]A stylish car
[D]A rich meal
22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that
[A]consumers are sometimes irrational
[B]popularity usually comes after quality
[C]marketing tricks are after effective
[D]rarity generally increas pleasure
动漫的英文24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money
[A]has left much room for readers’criticism
[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purcha
[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us
[D]may give its readers a n of achievement
25.This text mainly discuss how to
[A]balance feeling good and spending money
[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries
[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
Text 2
An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical rearch says that,
actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep
-ated need to
feel good about ourlves and we naturally employ a number of lf-enhancing
，or “illusory
strate gies to rearch into what the call the “above average effect”
，
and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourlves as above average superiority”
in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously
statistical impossibilities。
We ro tint our memories and put ourlves into lf-affirming situations. We
become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our
。
own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff
softmanager是什么
Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into
lf-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty
compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themlves
from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.
Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the quickly cho a fally flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was
really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in respons. Nor
was there any evidence that, tho who lf-enhance the must (that is, the participants
who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up
for profound incurities. In fact tho who thought that the images higher up the
attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with tho who showed other
makers for having higher lf-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have
are any evidence of personal delusion”
， says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people
If you are depresd, you won’t be
generally thinking well of themlves’.
lf-enha ncing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it makes n that why people heat photographs of themlves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recogni the
person in the picture as themlves, Facebook therefore ,is a lf-enhancer’s
paradi,where p eople can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their
wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dis catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themlves。
26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.
[A] our lf-ratings are unrealistically high
[B] illusory superiority is baless effect
[C] our need for leadership is unnatural
[D] lf-enhancing strategies are ineffective
27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______
[A] rapid watching
[B] conscious choice
[C] intuitive respon
[D] automatic lf-defence
28. Epley found that people with higher lf-esteem tended to______
[A] underestimate their incurities
[B] believe in their attractiveness
[C] cover up their depressions
[D] oversimplify their illusions
四级翻译词组29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is clost in meaning to_____.绯闻女孩布莱尔
[A]instinctively
[B]occasionally
[C]particularly
[D]aggressively
30. It can be inferred that Facebook is lf-enhancer’s paradi becau people can _____.
pcu是什么意思[A]prent their dishonest profiles
[B]define their traditional life styles
[C]share their intellectual pursuits
[D]withhold their unflattering sides
Text 3
The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,
but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone a way
for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in
ways we can't immediately foree.
When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of a ttention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine , by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee , who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.
This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee mi ss the reason why the jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.
Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be "tightly scripted" and "highly standardized" ones that leave no room for "individual initiative or creativity."
In short, the are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than
