Daniel Defoe acquainted(1660-1731)cpic
English novelist/Father of English novel is considered the founder of the English novel. /gnkis most famous as the author of Robinson Crusoe
Defoe was born as the son of James Foe, a butcher of Stroke Newington. He studied at Charles Morton's Academy, London. Although his Nonconformist father intended him for the ministry, Defoe plunged into politics and trade, traveling extensively in Europe. In 1684 he married Mary Truffle; they had two sons and five daughters. He died on 26 April 1731, at his lodgings in Rope maker’s Alley, Moor fields.
The Life and Strange Surprising Adventure of Robinson Crusoe (1719)
Captain Singleton (1720)
cool coldMoll Flanders (1722)
百度翻译日语A Journal of the Plague Year (1722)
Roxana (1724)
Robinson Crusoe
First published in 1719, it is sometimes considered to be the first novel in English.
The story was likely influenced by the real-life Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish castaway who lived four years on the Pacific island called "Más a Tierra" (in 1966 its name was changed to Robinson Crusoe Island), Chile. However, the details of Crusoe's island were probably bad on the Caribbean island of Tobago, since that island lies a short distance north of the Venezuelan coast near the mouth of the Orinoco river, and in sight of the island of Trinidad. It is also likely that Defoe was inspired by the Latin or English translations of Ibn Tufail's Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, an earlier novel also t on a dert island.
Plot Summary
Crusoe ts sail from the Queen's Dock in Hull on a a voyage in September 1651, against the wishes of his parents, who want him to stay home and assume a career in la
w. After a tumultuous journey that es his ship wrecked by a vicious storm, his lust for the a remains so strong that he ts out to a again. This journey too ends in disaster as the ship is taken over by Salé人大附中国际班 英语六级试题pirates, and Crusoe becomes the slave of a Moor. He manages to escape with a boat and a boy named Xury; later, Crusoe is befriended by the Captain of a Portuguegoodluckforme>tkd ship off the western coast of Africa. The ship is en route to Brazil. There, with the help of the captain, Crusoe becomes owner of a plantation.
Years later, he joins an expedition to bring slaves from Africa, but is shipwrecked in a storm about forty miles out to a on an island (which he calls the Island of Despair) near the mouth of the Orinoco river on September, 1659. His companions all die. Having overcome his despair, he fetches arms, tools, and other supplies from the ship before it breaks apart and sinks. He proceeds to build a fenced-in habitation near a cave which he excavates himlf. He keeps a calendar by making marks in a wooden cross built by himlf, hunts, grows corn and rice, dries grapes to make raisins for the winter months, learns to make pottery, rais goats, etc., using tools created from stone and wood which he harvests on the island, and adopts a small parrot. He reads the Bible and suddenly becaman
comes religious, thanking God for his fate in which nothing is missing but society.
Years later, he discovers native cannibals who occasionally visit the island to kill and eat prisoners. At first he plans to kill them for committing an abomination, but later realizes that he has no right to do so as the cannibals do not knowingly commit a crime. He dreams of obtaining one or two rvants by freeing some prisoners; and indeed, when a prisoner manages to escape, Crusoe helps him, naming his new companion "Friday" after the day of the week he appeared. Crusoe then teaches him English and converts him to Christianity.
After another party of natives arrives to partake in a cannibal feast, Crusoe and Friday manage to kill most of the natives and save two of the prisoners. One is Friday's father and the other is a Spaniard, who informs Crusoe that there are other Spaniards shipwrecked on the mainland. A plan is devid wherein the Spaniard would return with Friday's father to the mainland and bring back the others, build a ship, and sail to a Spanish port.
Before the Spaniards return, an English ship appears; mutineers have taken control of the ship and intend to maroon their former captain on the island. Crusoe and the ship's captain strike a deal, in which he helps the captain and the loyalist sailors retake the ship from the mutineers, whereupon they intend to leave the worst of the mutineers on the island. Before they leave for England, Crusoe shows the former mutineers how he lived on the island, and states that there will be more men coming. Crusoe leaves the island December 19th, 1686, and arrives back in England June 11th, 1687. He learns that his family believed him dead and there was nothing in his father's will for him. Crusoe then departs for Lisbon to reclaim the profits of his estate in Brazil, which has granted him a large amount of wealth. In conclusion, he takes his wealth over land to England to avoid traveling at a. Friday comes with him and along the way they endure one last adventure together as they fight off hundreds of famished wolves while crossing the Pyrenees.
