新SAT官方指南阅读第十九篇全解析
Passage1is adapted from Edmund Burke,Reflections on the Revolution in France.Originally published in 1790.Passage2is adapted from Thomas Paine,Rights of Man.Originally published in1791.
Passage1
he evils of inconstancy and versatility,ten thousand times wor than tho of obstinacy and the blindest prejudice,we have concrated the state,that no man should approach to look into its defects or corruptions but with due caution;that he should never dream of
beginning its reformation by its subversion;that he should approach to the faults of the state as to the wounds of a father,with pious awe and trembling solicitude.By this wi prejudice we are
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taught to look with horror on tho children of their country who are prompt rashly to hack that aged parent in pieces,and put him into the kettle of magicians,in hopes that by their poisonous weeds,and wild incantations,they may regenerate the paternal constitution,and renovate their father’s life.
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Society is indeed a contract.Subordinate contracts for objects of mere occasional interest may be dissolved at pleasure—but the state ought not to be considered as nothing better than a partnership agreement in a trade of pepper and coffee,calico or tobacco,or some other such low concern,to be taken up for a little temporary interest,and to be dissolved by the fancy of the
parties.It is to be looked on with other reverence;becau it is not a partnership in things
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subrvient only to the gross animal existence of a temporary and perishable nature.It is a
partnership in all science;a partnership in all art;a partnership in every virtue,and in all
perfection.As the ends of such a partnership cannot be obtained in many generations,it becomes a拉筹伯
partnership not only between tho who are living,but between tho who are living,tho who
are dead,and tho who are to The municipal corporations of that universal kingdom
are not morally at liberty at their pleasure,and on their speculations of a contingent improvement, 20
wholly to parate and tear asunder the bands of their subordinate community,and to dissolve it
into an unsocial,uncivil,unconnected chaos of elementary principles.
Passage2
Every age and generation must be as free to act for itlf,in all cas,as the ages and
add什么意思generations which preceded it.The vanity and presumption of governing beyond the grave,is theadware
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most ridiculous and insolent of all tyrannies.
Man has no property in man;neither has any generation a property in the generations which
are to follow.The Parliament or the people of1688,or of any other period,had no more right to
dispo of the people of the prent day,or to bind or to control them in any shape whatever,than
the parliament or the people of the prent day have to dispo of,bind,or control tho who are
to live a hundred or a thousand years hence.
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b to cEvery generation is,and must be,competent to all the purpos which its occasions require.It
is the living,and not the dead,that are to be accommodated.When man ceas to be,his power
and his wants cea with him;and having no longer any participation in the concerns of this world,
he has no longer any authority in directing who shall be its governors,or how its government shall
be organized,or
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Tho who have quitted the world,and tho are not yet arrived at it,are as remote from each other,as the utmost stretch of mortal imagination can conceive.What possible obligation,then, can exist between them;what rule or principle can be laid down,that two nonentities,the one out of existence,and the other not in,and who never can meet in this world,that the one should
control the other to the end of time?...
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The circumstances of the world are continually changing,and the opinions of men change also;and as government is for the living,and not for the dead,it is the living only that has any
right in it.That which may be thought right and found convenient in one age,may be thought
wrong and found inconvenient in another.In such cas,who is to decide,the living,or the dead?
32.In Passage1,Burke indicates that a contract between a person and society differs from other contracts mainly in its
A)brevity and prominence.
B)complexity and rigidity.
C)precision and ufulness.
D)riousness and permanence.ated
正确答案：D
分析：文章1当中，Burke将个人与社会的契约关系，描述成不是暂时的和易坏的（not a partnership in things subrvient only to the gross animal existence of a temporary and perishable nature.），这体现出契约关系的永久性；另外，作者还将这种契约关系描述成在所有领域都适用的（It is a partnership in all science,a partnership in all art;a partnetship in every virtue,and in all perfection.），这体现出契约关系的严肃性。
33.As ud in line2,“state”most nearly refers to a
A)style of living.
B)position in life.
C)temporary condition.
D)political entity.
正确答案：D
分析：文章当中，state指代政府，政府可以保护市民免受社会不稳定带来的困扰。
worker34.As ud in line12,“low”most nearly means
A)petty.
北京幼升小信息采集系统B)weak.
接电话英文C)inadequate.
D)depleted.
正确答案：A
分析：文章中提到：政府不仅仅是一种贸易契约关系，和一些琐碎事务（low concern）的契约关系，还涉及其他所有领域。
35.It can most reasonably be inferred from Passage2that Paine views historical precedents as
连杆螺栓A)generally helpful to tho who want to change society.
B)surprisingly difficult for many people to comprehend.
C)frequently responsible for human progress.
D)largely irrelevant to current political decisions.
正确答案：D
分析：文章23-24行，Paine提到：在任何时代，人们都必须足够自由（every age and generation must be as free to act for itlf,in all cas,as the ages and the generations which preceded it.）这说明，Paine认为上代人不应该主导决定当代人的生活和政治。
36、How would Paine most likely respond to Burke’s statement in lines30-34,Passage1(“ born”)?
A)He would asrt that the notion of a partnership across generations is less plausible to people of his era than it was to people in the past.
B)He would argue that there are no politically meaningful links between the dead,the living,and the unborn.
C)He would question the possibility that significant changes to a political system could be accomplished within a single generation.
D)He would point out that we cannot know what judgments the dead would make about contemporary issues.
正确答案：B
分析：文章当中，Burke将社会契约关系描述成一个长期稳定的契约关系，这种契约关涉及计过去、现在和未来所有人的关系。而Paine则认为上一代没有权利控制当代人，因为逝去的人是不参与当今世界的各项活动的。
37、Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?巧取豪夺
A)Lines23-24(“it”)
B)Lines24-25(“annies”)
C)Lines31-32(“accommodated”)
D)Lines37-40(“ime”)
正确答案：D
分析：见第36题解释。
38、Which choice best describes how Burke would most likely have reacted to Paine’s remarks in the final paragraph of Passage2?
A)With approval,becau adapting to new events may enhance existing partnerships.
