英语划分句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如※以肯定的语气叙述主语状态时，要用系动词be※表示说话人所感知的主语的特征或状态时，系动词用look, feel, sound, taste, smell※表示主语状态变化时，系动词用become ,get, grow, come , turn (若跟名词不加冠词) ，fall (asleep, ill, silent)等，后面大多数接形容词作表语。
但become, turn如何给宝宝添加辅食special怎么读亦可接名词作表语等※表示主语的持续时，系动词用remain, stay , keep, continue ※从印象的角度说明主语所处的状态和特征时，系动词用appear to be (常用于书面)，em (to be )☆1、 其后要求接形容词，而不是副词作表语。要特别注意的是有些动词既可以作系动词，又可作实意动词的用法。遇到这种情况时，只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择。 2、 这类词不用进行时。 3、系动词无被动式)。太原外教
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times ven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.expen（动名词 The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to e an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
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How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their houwork yesterday. He pretended not to e me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.动名词短语）I think（sandstormthat）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），要求双宾语抛弃英文(直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词，直接宾语提前，动词后加to或for，现归纳如下。①后面加to的动词：give 给tell 告诉bring 带来nd 寄，送hand 交给read 读pass 递给return 把……还给……lend 借给throw 扔……给……leave 留给promi 许诺，答应refu 拒绝
②后面加for的动词：get 得到make 制造，做borregobuy 买do 做play 演奏order 命令
sing 唱歌pay 为……而付钱
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词+宾语+宾补。※宾语+名词”常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choo, think, leave※宾语+形容词”常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want▲“宾语+副词”。 ▲“宾语+介词短语”。 ▲“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种： A 要求带to的不定式B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, have，e, , watch, , look at, hear, listen to, feel等，用不定式作宾语补语时，要省去“to”。但用于被动语态时，还要 加上“to等 C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to▲“宾语+现在分词” e, , watch, , look at, hear, listen to, feel▲“宾语+过去分词” ▲ 形式宾语＋形容词▲宾语+what 从句 +※主补：对主语的补充。
例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprid.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）捐赠仪式讲话稿
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（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have pasd the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
简单句的五种基本句型口诀
英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键；vt.又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见；还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。
注意：带特殊疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常 用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+O(间接)+疑问词+不定式
练习一
一、指出下列句子句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chine painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.
