高考招生制度改革的动力
以“平行志愿”改革为例
DYNAMICS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN CHINA’S COLLEGE ENROLLMENT SYSTEM REFORM The Ca of Pingxing Zhiyuan Reform
学校：上海交通大学
学院：国际与公共事务学院
专业：公共管理（MPA）
作者：周华
导师：杜朝辉教授
学号：1061302127
班级：Z0613023
答辩日期： 2008年6月15日
高考招生制度改革的动力
以“平行志愿”改革为例
摘 要
平行志愿改革属于错综复杂的高考制度中一个细小但重要的制度变化。本文回顾了全国统一高考制度近30年间改革变迁的特征，围绕2008年上海市出台考前填报平行志愿方案这一具体的研究个案，在对比湖南、江苏、浙江的平行志愿改革和其他地区的改革实践基础上，系统阐述了高考制度改革的结构环境与决策过程两个不同层次上的动力机制。inten
精巧的意思
受制于我国高等教育资源有限和区域间发展不平衡的结构性矛盾制约，高考改革目前的瓶颈不是统一考试制度（考试内容和考试形式）的改革，而是招生录取制度改革。在以扩大地方自主权和高校自主权为核心特征的高等教育改革大趋势下，志愿填报方式改革和高校自主招生改革成为近期高考招生录取制度改革的主要内容。平行志愿改革为基础教育规模较大、高等教育资源有了一定的发展、但供需矛盾仍然突出的省份充分利用现有教育资源提供了条件。leviev
但上海平行志愿改革推动力不是社会结构性的，而主要取决于高考改革决策的政策网络特性和学习过程。教育部、地方教育行政部门和高校三者之间形成的政策共同体是解释高考改革领域制度变迁最直
接的推动因素。其他公私部门、社会舆论在不同的议题事项上对决策过程产生程度不同的影响。上海平行志愿改革与制度变迁也是较为典型的主动学习的结果，学习对象的选择和学习对象的特征部分决定了改革的具体“时机”。而“创新”意识的存在决定了与众不同的“考前填报平行志愿”方案最终成型。
关键词：平行志愿、高考、制度变迁、区域发展、政策网络
james dean
DYNAMICS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN CHINA’S COLLEGE ENROLLMENT SYSTEM REFORM The Ca of Pingxing Zhiyuan Reform
ABSTRACTaesop
Pingxing Zhiyuan (parallel college/university preferences) reform is a small but significant institutional change in the complex Gaokao institutions (the National College Enrollment System of China). Reviewing the characteristics of the reform of the unified national examination system in the past three decades, the article ts Shanghai's introduction of the Pingxing Zhiyuan in 2008 college entrance exam as a ca for further study. While the Pingxing Zhiyuan reform has been carried out in Hunan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, and various other reforms have been experimented in other places, this rearch tries to explore the driving mechanism of college enrollment system reform both within the structural context and on the policy-making process level.希拉里特朗普辩论视频
Due to the limited resources of higher education and the uneven development among different regions, the enrollment system, rather than the uniform examination system, including exam format and content, has become the bottleneck to further reforms of the college entrance examination and enrollment system. As more freedom and power are being given to the local administrations of education, colleges and universities in recruiting students, the current college enrollment reform will mainly focus on the change of college/university’s independent recruitment rights and the models of expressing college preferences of the candidates. The introduction of Pingxing Zhiyuan enables the full u of education resources in the provinces where there exists a relatively large scale of
elementary education and the higher education has grown to a certain degree, leading to the primary problem of the demand-supply contradiction.
The driving force behind the Pingxing Zhiyuan reform in Shanghai mainly lies in the learning process and the characteristic of the Policy Network of the college enrollment system reform. The policy community, which is formed by the Ministry of Education, local education administrations, and colleges/universities, is the most direct factor that pushes the reform in the college enrollment system. Other factors, like governmental or non-governmental organizations and public opinions, will exert different impact on various issues in the cour of decision making. The Pingxing Zhiyuan refor
m in Shanghai and the institutional changes in the college enrollment are also a typical result of active learning. The lection of models for learning and their features contribute to the timing of the reform. Finally, the initiative of innovation leads to the unique plan of Pingxing Zhiyuan prior to the exam.
Key Words: Pingxing Zhiyuan, Gaokao, Institutional Change,
Regional development, Policy Network
目 录icq是什么
摘要.................................................................................................................................II
一、问题的缘起 (1)
1.1高考制度的发展与招生制度改革 (1)
no church in the wild1.2平行志愿 (3)
二、既有研究框架与本文研究思路 (5)
2.1教育公平为中心的规范性研究框架不适宜讨论平行志愿改革 (5)
2.2制度变迁、政策网络与决策过程：本文的研究思路 (9)
tear
三、改革的政策环境与制度背景 (12)
3.1全国统一高考的制度意涵 (12)
3.2高考制度改革的基本定位 (16)
3.3统一考试制度改革基本定型 (18)
3.4招生录取制度改革是目前高考改革的瓶颈 (22)
四、改革的动力与制度变迁成本 (27)
4.1改革的结构性动力：社会背景与供需矛盾 (27)ance
4.2平行志愿改革与制度间的协调 (41)
