2022届高考英语备考：抽丝剥茧，轻松搞定定语从句
定语从句是高中英语语法中的一个重要的语法项目，也是每年高考英语考查的重点和热点，主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择。对高考英语定语从句的考查热点进行盘点，希望对同学们有所帮助。
一、定语从句考点分析byz
1.关系代词that，which，who，whom，who在定语从句中作主语、宾语和定语的用法
【高考链接1】（全国卷Ⅰ·66）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014______showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart dia and early deaths from all caus.
【解析】此空填that或which。用that或which引导定语从句，因为先行词study是物，并且that或which在定语从句中作主语。
【高考链接2】（全国卷Ⅱ演讲稿300字· 69）The Chine Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-
when the government started a soil-testing program ______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011， fertilizer u dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【解析】此空填that或which。用that或which引导定语从句，因为先行词program是物，并且that或which在定语从句中作主语。
【高考链接3】（全国卷Ⅲ·64）But Sarah， ______ has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
【解析】此空填who。用who引导非限制性定语从句，因为先行词Sarah是人，并且who在定语从句中作主语。
【高考链接4】（全国卷Ⅲ·47）Some people think that the great Chine scholar Confucius， ______ lived from roughly 551 to 497 B.C， influenced the development of chopsticks.
【解析】此空填who。用who引导非限制性定语从句，因为先行词Confucius是人，并且who在定语从句中作主语。
2.关系代词as和which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容的用法
【高考链接5】（全国卷Ⅰ·70）Like anything， it is possible to have too much of both， ______ is not good for the health.
英语四级准考证号忘了怎么办 找回查成绩【解析】此空填which。句意：“像其他任何东西一样，很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐对健康没有好处。”which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的句子“it is possible to have too much of both”，并且which在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
brutal
【高考链接6】（浙江卷·57） Like many things in life， its an ongoing process， and the best part of the process is that theres enough room for improvement， ______means youll just keep getting better and better.
【解析】此空填which。which引導非限制性定语从句，指代前面的句子“theres enough room for improvement”，并在定语从句中作主语。
3.关系副词where，when，why在定语从句中作状语的用法空军工程大学分数线
【高考链接7】（浙江卷·64）Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden， ______ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted （生长） through it.
【解析】此空填where。where引导定语从句，因为在该定语从句中，句子的成分是完整的，并且先行词为表示地点的the garden，故填关系副词where。
【高考链接8】（全国卷Ⅰ·65）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s，
I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【解析】此空填when。when引导非限制性定语从句，因为先行词mid-1980s表示时间，在该非限制性定语从句中，when作状语。苏州软件测试培训
4.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法
【高考链接9】（全国卷Ⅰ改错题）They also had a small pond， which they raid fish.
【解析】在which前加in或将which改为where。在该定语从句中，句子成分完整，所以用where引导定语从句。在该定语从句中，where作状语，用in which表示在鱼塘里，所以in which可以代替where。
二、定语从句做题步骤
从定语从句的考点分析，我们可以得出定语从句的做题步骤。
1.划出定语从句。简单来说，就是从空格开始，划出一个完整的句子。
2.找出从句的谓语动词，判断从句是否缺少主语、宾语或表语等成分。如果从句缺少成分，则根据先行词选择相应的关系代词（which， that， who和whom，非限制性定语从句不能用that）;如果从句不缺少成分，则根据先行词选择相应的关系副词。
三、定语从句注意事项
1.注意what和that的区别
what和that都可以在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，但是what用在名词性从句中，而that用在
定语从句中。例如：
What surprid us is that he did it alone.使我们吃惊的是他一个人做了那项工作。（what在主语从句中作主语）
This is one of the buildings that were built last year. 这是去年建的楼房之一。（that在定语从句中作主语，指物，不能省略。）
2.注意分隔式定語从句
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面，但有时候也会被插入语、同位语、状语、谓语或其他定语等成分分隔。如果是隔开了的定语从句，则要先根据句意找到先行词，然后再进行句子结构分析。例如：
She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ______ allows them to communicate freely with each other. 句意：“他有为学生营造一种良好的（课堂）氛围的天赋，这种氛围能够令学生交流自如。”从句意可知，先行词是an atmosphere，而不是students，所以此空应填which或that。
3.注意限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
关系代词that常用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句。有些考生看到这是一个定语从句，指代物，又是作主语或宾语，就填that。如果这是一个非限制性定语从句，填that就错了。例如：
Clock is a kind of instrument， which can tell people time.句意：“钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。”这个句子是一个非限制性定语从句，只能用which引导，不能用that。
4.注意定语从句的主谓一致性
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如：
Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom是从美国回来的男孩们中的一个。
四、定语从句知识清单
清单一：关系代词与关系副词的用法
清单二：几组关系词的区别
1.that和which
（1）当先行词为all， something， anything， nothing， little， any， much， the one， everything， few， some， none， everyone， nobody等不定代词时，关系代词用that。例如：
There ems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。
（2）当先行词被all，any，no，little，much，only，few，one of，every，very，some，exactly，same等修饰时，关系代词用that。例如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。伦敦奥运会各国总结
说法英文（3）先行词是形容词最高级、序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，关系代词用that。例如：
favorite
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
associate
（4）which可以和介词连用，而that不可以。例如：
