英语国家概况（2）作业答案
作业1
Explain the following terms:
1.The Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July,1776,when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness . It also explained the philosophy of governments: the powers of governments came from the connt of dthe governed and the purpo of governments was to cure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.
英语日常口语班
2. Columbus's discovery of America
Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, believed that by sailing west from Europe he could reach the
East. In 1492, he persuaded the Spanish monarchy to support his voyage . He landed on one of the Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea and thus discovered the New World . Bad on his voyage, the Spanish King claimed the territory of the Americas and later conquered the native Americans and established
a huge empire.
3. the Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was pasd to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to asmble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.
4. the making of the U.S. Constitution
The Articles of Confederation failed . The Congress decided to hold a constitutional convention to revi the Articles of Confederation. The delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island refud to participated) gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 and ended up in writing a new constitution and t a federal system with a strong central government. The Constitution provided that an election of the pr
esident would be called, federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of the Hou of Reprentatives and the Senate and a Supreme Court would be t up. This new Constitution was finally aproved by the majority of the citizens in over 9 of the 13 was officially put into effect in 1787.
5. Industrial Revolution in America
After independence, America was principally an agricultural country .The Industrial Revolution in England brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. One key development was the introduction of the factory system. A cond development was the "American system "of mass production . A third development was the aplication of new technologies to industrial tasks. A fourth development was the emergence of new forms of business organization--- the bank and the corporation..
Fill in the blanks:
1. Virginia, 1607
2. Puritans
3. The American Revolution
4. the stamp tax , the tea tax
5. Philadelphia
6. 1787 , George Washington
7. the executive , the judical
8. 26
9. Alexander Hamilton
10. the Democratic Party, the Republican party , conrvative
Answer the following questions:
1.George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams
2. A.The growth of capitalism; B. The Renaissance;
C. The Religious Reformation
3. A. challenging the authority of the Pope; B. salvation through faith;
C. establishing a direct contact with God.
4. A. the Bill of Rights B. the judicial review
C. the political party system
5. the Democratic Party, the Republican Party
6. I Have a Dream
7. The legislative
8. A. The new states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other.
B. The Congress could not rai money to pay the national army and to pay debts
owed to France and other nations.
C. The Congress had no fpower to tax any citizen.
9. Firearms industry
10. tobacco and vegetable oil
作业2
Explain the following terms:
1.“WASP” culture
“ WASP” , which stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, is believed to be the basis of mainstream culture of the United States.
2.American characteristics of religion
The Bill of Rights of the U.A. Constitution provides that there is no state religion and that church and state must be parated. American religious beliefs continue to be strong with social progress. In the United States, every church is a completely independent organization and concerned with its own finance and its own building. There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history.
方法英语3.Leaves of Grass
A collection of poems written by Walt Whitman. It is a ground-breaking book. Whitman ud free-flowing structures and long irregular lines in his poetry. He ventured beyond traditional forms to meet his need for more space to express the American spirit. In one of the poems “Song of Mylf”he dwelt on himlf becau he saw himlf as a prototype of “The American”.
4. Mark Twain
Mark Twain is the pen name of Samuel Clemens He was one of the greatst American writers. He captured a peculiarly American n of humor. He reprented a new American Voice. His major work was The Adventures of the Huckleberry finn(1884) which has been called the greatest novel in Amecans Literature
5．The Servicemant’s Readujstment Act
The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act was pasd in 1944/ It was soon popularly called the GI Bill of Rights. GI was a nickname for the American soldier. The nickmane came from the abbreviation for “Government Issue”--- the uniforms and other articles “issued “to a soldier. The Act promid financial aid , including aid for higher education to members of sthe armed forces.
Fill in the blanks:
1. Ireland Italy
2. the Protestant , the Catholic , Jewish
3. First Amendment
4. The Jungle
5.“the Lost Generation”
6.The Grapes of Wrath
7.85 , 15
8.education, 13
9.tuition, government
Answer the following questions:
1.Protestant , Catholic , Judaism
2.J.F Kennedy
3. A. for having a place in a community B. for identifying themlves with dominant
values.
成人高考现场确认C. for getting dtogether with friends.
4. Kohn Dos Passos , Ernest Hemingway , F.Scott fitzgerald
5. Stephen Crane , Jack London , Theodore Dreir
6. Ralph Waldo Emerson , Henry David Thoreau
7. Mathematics , languages, science , social studies, music, physical education
8. Harvard University, Yale University, Princeton University
9. A. attending lectures and complete assignments, B. passing examinations
C. earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college.
10. A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachers
儿童节的英文B. they make good impressions during the interviews
C. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude Tests
作业3
Explain the following terms:
1.the Civil Rights Movement
One of the most important of all social movement in the 11111960s U.S. history. Rosa Parks’spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement. The black students’sit-in at a department lunch counter in ffBorth Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights movement. During sdthe first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like SNCC, CORE, and SCLC struggled for racial integration sfby providing leadership, tactics, network and the people. In the latter half of dfthe decade, some black organizations changed their sdfnonviolent tacti
cs, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raid the lf fmage of fthre blacks. The civil rights movement produced such great leaders ad Martin Luther King, Jr., and MalcolmX., who inspired a dgeneration of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equalityk in the U.S.
2.Martin Luther King,Jr.
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Martin Luther king, Jr., an atlanta-born Baptist minister, was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rights movement of 1960s. to promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against gregation and other kinds of social injustice, King organized a ries of “marches”, including the March on Washington of fAugust, 1963, when King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech As a civil rights leader, King worked not only to end racial discrimination and poverty, but also to rai the lf imagde dof the blacks. Due to his strong belief in nonviolent peaceful rotest, King wa awarded the Bobel Peace Prize in 1964. He was assassinated in the city of Memphis in April 1968.
3.socially stratified American society
American society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and prestige are unequally
distributed. It is divided into social class that have varying degrees of access to the reward the society offers. For example, the richest fifth of American individuals and families owns more than three-quarters of the wealth in the United States, whereas the lowest fifth owns only 0.2% of fthe wealth. The richest fifth of American families receives over 40% of the national income, whereas the poorest fofth receives only 5.2%.
4.The American System of Manufacture2012年6月英语六级真题及答案
This is the system of using asmbly line for mass manufacture of products. The system originated in John H Hall’s idea of producing weapons using interchangeable part, was developed into the science of management by Frederick W Taylor, and was first successfully ud on a large scale by Henry Ford in the production of Model T. The system significantly lowers unit cost and makes less demand on the skill of workers. On the other hand, it has ben blamed for making work dreary, mindless and alienating
5.Thomas Alva Edison
Thomas Alva Edison is a well-known American inventor. Among his many inventions are: electric lamp, phonograph, motion pictures and parallel circuit.
Fill in the blanks:
1.Greensboro, sit-ins
2.the youth anti-war, the women’s movement
3.Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee , the
Congress of Racial Equality
4.Rosa Oarks
5.the blacks, 11.7%(12%)
emotiona什么意思
6.male, young, a member of racial minority
7.Nixon
9.Stevens,
10.The Pony Express System
Answer the following questions:
1.Ku Klux Klan
part是什么意思
2.They rented traditional white male values in U.S. society
3.The “Hippies”
4. A. Blacks felt that the black community ought to coexist with other groups.
5. B.Blacks felt that “black is beautiful”.
C.Blacks felt more and more proud of themlves.
6. bribery, tax evasion, fal advertising
7. A. Racial prejudice against them
B. Low social status of the groups.提高工作效率的方法
excitedabout
C. Poverty and unemployment among minority groups
8. A. There is a strong association between drug u and crime
B. Drug dependence takes a significant toll in terms of personal health and safety
C There are great economic loss becau of drug abu
9. Telegraph
10. Henry Ford
