解题 攻略 | 若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。 | |
举例1 | While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. | 分析：分析句子结构可知，前半句是由while引导的让步状语从句，后半句是主句，主句中含有一个宾语从句，即it ...or swimming作says的宾语。又因此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致原则可知，应填is。 |
举例2 | Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __ __ (grow) more corn than rice. | 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填has grown。 |
举例3 | The Chine Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ____ (start) a soiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer u dropped by 7.7 million tons. | 分析：分析句子结构可知，when the government ____ (start) a soiltesting program为关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词为2005。通过分析定语从句可知从句中缺少谓语动词，再根据时间状语between 2005可知应填一般过去时，根据句意可知需用主动语态，故填started。 |
解题 攻略 | 若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。 | |
举例4 | You don't have to run fast or for long __ __ (e) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____ (die) early by running. | 分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to e，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词of的宾语。 |
举例5 | Another reason for corn's ri: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____ (improve) water quality. | 分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to improve，作目的状语。 |
举例6 | China's approach to protecting its environment while ___ (feed) its citizens “offers uful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele. | 分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。 英文分组 |
举例7 | But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ____(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. | 分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。 |
解题 攻略 | 有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。 | |
举例8 | This switch has decread __hor的音标66__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and rervoirs and made drinking water safer for people. | 分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动词has decread，其后缺少宾语，故填名词pollution。 |
举例9 | This development was only possible with the ___ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. | 分析：由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。 |
解题 攻略 | 所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。 | |
举例10 | Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart dia and early deaths from all ___ (cau)． | 分析：分析句子成分可知，from all ___ (cau)为介词短语作后置定语，空处位于介词之后作宾语，又因空格前面有all，所以填其复数形式caus。 |
速记方法举例11 | To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercis to ____ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. | 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语动词do，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形式，与空前的不定式符号to构成不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。故填strengthen。 |
举例12 | The Central London Railway was one of the most ____ (success) of the new lines, and was opened in 1900. | 分析：根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。 |
解题 攻略 | 当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。 | |
举例2012北京高考理综13 | (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____ (long) than nonrunners. | 分析：根据空格后面的than可知，此处考查比较级形式，故填longer。 |
举例14 | A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is ud to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. | 分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词is应用副词。故填actually。 |
解题 攻略 | 所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。 | |
举例15 | When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ___ (they) alive. | 分析：因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人称代词的宾格形式，即them。 |
举例16 | On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother. | 分析：mother是名词，所填词作定语修饰mother，故填其形容词性物主代词its。 |
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