动词过去式过去分词的不规则变化

更新时间:2023-05-13 20:21:58 阅读: 评论:0

一、过去式和过去分词相同。A-B-B
动词原形
   
1. bring
2. build
3. burn
4. buy
vegetarian
5. catch
6. dig
7. feel
8. fight
9. find
10. get
11. hang
12. have
13. hear
14. hold
15. keep
16. learn
17. leave
18. lend
hd dvd
19. lo
20. make
21. mean
22. meet
23. pay
24. say
25. ll
26. nd
27. shine
28. sit
brought
built
burnt (burned)
bought
caught
dug
felt
fought
found
got
hung
hanged
had
heard
held
kept
learnt (learned)
left
lent
lost
made
meant
met
paid
said
sold
nt
shone (shined)
      sat
brought
built
burnt (burned)
bought
caught
dug
felt
fought
found
got
hung
hanged
had
heard
held
kept
learnt (learned)
left
lent
lost
made
meant
met
paid
said
sold
nt
shone (shined)
sat
带来
燃烧
感觉
打架
发现
得到
挂(衣)
绞死(上吊)
听到
保持
学习
离开
借出
丢失
制造
意思是
遇到
付款
发光
29. sleep
30. smell
31. spend
32. stand
33. sweep
34. teach
35. tell
36. think
37. understand
38. win
slept
smelt (smelled)
spent
stood
swept
taught
told
thought
understood
won
slept
smelt (smelled)
spent
stood
swept
taught
told
thought
understood
won
花费
告诉
理解
二、动词的过去分词是在动词原形后面加nen
动词原形
   
39. beat
40. blow
41. draw
形容山多的成语
42. drive
43. eat
44. fall
45. give
46. grow
47. know
48. mistake
49. ride
50. ri
51. e
52. show
53. take
54. throw
55. write
beat
blew
drew
drove
ate
fell
gave
grew
knew
mistook
rode
ro
saw
showed
took
threw
wrote
beaten
blown
drawn
driven
eaten
fallen
given
grown
known
mistaken
ridden
rin
en
shown
taken
thrown
written
画画
驾驶
下落
生长
知道
弄错
乘、骑
看见
出示, 表现
拿走
抛、掷
三、原形、过去式和过去分词相同。A-A-A
动词原形
   
daca
56. cost
57. cut
58. hit
59. hurt
60. let
61. put
62. read
63. shut
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
      shut
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
      shut
(多少)
切、割
伤害、伤痛
四、原形中的i,过去式改为a,过去分词改为u
动词原形
   
64. begin
65. drink
66. ring
67. sing
68. swim
began
drank
rang
sang
swam
begun
drunk
rung
sung
swum
开始
游泳
generate
五、动词的过去分词是在过去式后加nen
动词原形
   
69. break
70. choo
71. forget
72. speak
73. wake
broke
cho
forgot
spoke
woke
broken
chon
forgotten
spoken
woken
打碎
选择
忘记
做市
六、动词原形和过去分词相同。全国大学生四六级考试报名网
动词原形
   
74. become
75. come
76. run
became
came
ran
become
come
run
成为
七、原形、过去式和过去分词都不同。A-B-C
动词原形
   
tablemanners
77. amis
78. are
79. do
80. fly
81. go
82. lie
83. wear
was
were
did
flew
went
lay
wore
been
been
done
flown
gone
lain
worn
穿
八、没有过去分词的。
动词原形
   
84. can
85. may
86. shall
87. will
could
might
should
would
/
/
/
/
可以
将要
愿、要、将
注意:
1. bring-brought-brought; buy-bought-bought;
fight-fought-fought; think-thought-thought
而:catch-caught-caught; teach-taught-taught
      (如里本身动词中已含有字母a, 则变过去式和过去分词时,也就带上a )
2. hang的两种变法区别:当“挂衣服”讲时变hung-hung:g像挂衣服的钩;当“上吊”讲时,需要向上扔一个绳,故hanged-hangedd 像绳一样。
一)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词
动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点,而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点,但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的。现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下。

一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是td。如:

cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, t-t-t, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread

特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,read-read-read,但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]

二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如:

come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome

三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如:

1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如:

lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, nd-nt-nt

2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如:

sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held

3. eep结尾的动词,把eep改为ept。如:

keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept

4. 过去式和过去分词都以aughough结尾的动词。如:

buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught

5. 有的以ay结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如:

say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid

6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如:

have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lo-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt

四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变ia,在过去分词中变iu。如:

五、以字母owaw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时,通常只在词尾加n。如:

blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known

六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加nen,变成以en结尾的单词。如:

ri-ro-rin, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten


特殊: write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten



(二)、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1) 规则变化
情况 例词 读音与说明
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-ed look
call
open
need looked
called
opened
needed looked [lukt]
called [kC:ld]
opened [5EupEnd]
needed [ni:did] -ed在清辅音音素后
发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]

-ed在〔t]、〔d
后发音为[id]
③但fix的过去式和过去
分词x不双写,为fixed.
-e结尾的动词加-d move
phone
hope
agree moved
phoned
hoped
agreed moved [mu:vd]
phoned [fEund]
hoped [hEupt]
agreed [E5^ri:d]
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变yi
再加-ed study
carry
try studied
studied
carried studied [5stQdid]
carried [5kArid]
tried [traid]
以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed play
enjoy
stay played
enjoyed
stayed played [pleid]
enjoyed [in5dVCid]
stayed [steid]
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop
plan
fit stopped
planned
fitted stopped [stCpt]
planned [plAnd]
fitted [5fitid]
-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,
再加-ed prefer
refer preferred
referred preferred [prI`f:d]
referred [ri5fE:]

2) 不规则变化chen ren
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。
1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
cut(切)
hit(打)
cast(扔)
hurt(伤害)
put(放)麦莉塞勒斯
let(让)
shut(关)
cost(花费)
t(放)
rid(清除) cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
t
rid cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
t
rid

2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
find(找到)
pay(支付)
leave(离开)
lend(借出)
meet(遇见)
keep(保持)
lo(丢失)
teach(教)
sit(坐)
lead(引导)
win(赢)除) found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won

3.动词原形与过去分词同形
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
come(来)
run(跑)
become(成为) came
ran
became come
run
become

4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
give(给)
fly(飞)
drink(喝)
e(看见)
go(去)
know(知道)
wear(穿)
speak(说) gave
flew
drank
saw
went
knew
wore
spoke given
flown
drunk
en
gone
known
worn
spoken

5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
例:
原形 过去式 过去分词
burn(燃烧) burned
burnt burned
burnt
learn(学习) learned
learnt learned
learnt
smell(闻) smelled
smelt smelled
smelt
spell (拼写) spelled
spelt spelled
spelt
shine (照射) shined
shone shined
shone
leap (跳) leaped
leapt leaped
leapt
提示
a. beat的过去式与原形同形:
比:beat(打击) beat(过去式) beaten(过去分词)
b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:lie lied, lied(说谎)
lay, lain(躺,位于)
c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:hang hanged, hanged(处绞刑)
hung, hung(挂,吊)
d. welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词
比:welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)
welcome, welcome(误)
e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
比:hit(打) hit, hit(正)
hitted, hitted(误)

6 现在分词的变化规则
规则 动词原形 现在分词及发音
一般在动词原形词尾加-ing-ing发音为 [iN] go
push
play
carry going [5^EuiN]
pushing [5puFiN]
playing [pleiiN]
carrying [5kAriiN]
以不发音的e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing take
write
leave taking [5teikiN]
writing [5raitiN]
leaving [5li:viN]
重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,要将该末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop
stop
fit
begin
forget cutting [5kQtiN]
stopping [5stCpiN]
fitting [5fitiN]
beginning [bi5^iniN]forgetting [fE5^etiN]
ie结尾的动词,要把ie改为y,再加-ing lie
die
tie lying [5laiiN]
dying [5daiiN]
tying [5taiiN


(三)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳



A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.

cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----put

let----let----let t----t----t hit----hit----hit

shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read 读音 /e/

lie---lied---lied 说谎 lay---laid---laid 放置,下蛋
lay--- lain 躺下,位于,平放

eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.

She _____ her books on the table. ____


B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同

1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是〔 :t

bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought buy----bought----bought

catch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught

2. 动词原形中的eo,变成过去式和过去分词。

get----got----got ll----sold----sold tell----told----told

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标签:动词   变化   字母   原形   规则   结尾   辅音
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