可数名词复数变化

更新时间:2023-05-13 08:14:28 阅读: 评论:0

附表1: 可数名词复数的规则变化
1. 一般情况下,在名词词尾加s:
car-carsbook-books
2. s, x, ch, sh结尾的可数名词,在词尾加es. 注意:-th结尾,加-s
bus-bus box-boxes peach-peaches dish-dishes
mouth-mouthsmonth-months;
3. 辅音字母+y”结尾的可数名词,改yi再加es.
dictionary-dictionaries family-familiesbaby---babies city-cities country-countries
4. ffe结尾的可数名词,变ffev,再加es
knife-knives leaf-leaveswolf-wolveswife-wives
5. ffe结尾的可数名词直接加s, 或变ffev,再加es
handkerchief--handkerchiefs/handkerchievesscarf--scarfs/scarves
roof--roofs belief--beliefs gulf—gulfsproof-proofs
6. y结尾的专有名词或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s
monkey---monkeysholiday---holidays
7. o结尾的可数名词,词意是无生命的名词加can college 21s,
有生命的名词加什么是托收es.
photo--photos radio--radios zoo--zoos video--videos piano-- pianos
tomato--tomatoes potato--potatoes hero--heroes
可数名词复数构成的不规则变化
1. 元音发生变化
man-men; woman-women; tooth-teeth; foot-feet; goo-gee
2. 词尾发生变化
child-children ox-oxen
3. 单复数同形
fish-fishdeer-deersheep-sheepChine-Chine Japane-Japanemeans-means
4. 有些名词只有复数
mele
scissors trours sunglass
5. 有些名词以s结尾,但作单数
news maths physics politics
6. 各国人的复数形式:中日不变,英法变,其他s加后边
Chine-Chine Japane-Japane
Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen
American-Americans Canadian-Canadians Indian-Indiansbleed;German-Germans
suit
附表2: 名词所有格的变化规则
1. 不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,在词尾加’s
Mike's watch
Women's Day 
2. s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加
eachers' officesuccess什么意思students' rooms 
3. 两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名词后加 ’s.
Tom and Mike's room
4. 两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别所有,需在几个名词后都加 ’s.
Mary's and Jenny's bikes
5. 可用介词oftofor表示名词的所有格
on a map of China,
at the beginning of this game,
the door of the room
the key /entrance/exit/approach to…
the reason for…
6. 双重所有格
a fiend of my mother's
a picture of Tom's
convenient
附表3: 动词三单式的变化规律则
1. 一般情况下,动词后面直接加 -s.
work -works
2. 以ch,sh,s,x 或 o 结尾的动词,在后面加 -es.
guess - guess, mix - mixes, go - goes,
buzz - buzzes, finish - finishes,
catch - catches
3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把 y变为 i, 再加 -es.
fly - flies, study - studies
4. 以元音字母 + y结尾的动词,直接加 -s.
play-plays;destroy-destroys
5. 个别不规则变化,
have - has, be - is
附表4: 一般过去式的变化规则
1、一般在动词末尾加-ed;
work—worked;play—played;want—wanted; ask—aske d
2、结尾是e加d;
live—lived ;move—moved ;taste—tasted 
3、以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed,
stop—stopped;stop-stopped;ship- shipped;occur-occurred
4、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed;平安夜的英文
study—studies;try—tried;copy—copied; carry—carried
5、以“元音字母+y”结尾的,加-ed;
destroy- destroyed
6、以“ic”结尾的,加k, 再加-ed;
picnic-picnicked;panic-panicked
7、不规则动词过去式
teach-taught; bring-brought; think-thought;
fall-fell; hurt-hurt; break-broke; win-won;
lo-lost; swim-swam
附表5: 形容词变副词的规则
1.一般情况下直接加“-ly”
quick-quicklysad-sadlynice-nicely wide-widelywi-wily
2. 绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly
polite-politelypolite-politely
imediate-immediatelyrecent-recently
3. 少数以ue结尾的形容词,去e再加-ly
true-trulydue-duly(预定的;到期的)
4. “y”结尾的,且读音为/ i /,改“y”way of life“i”,再加“-ly”
happy-happilyheavy-heavily
angry-angrilybusy-busily
5. “y”结尾的,读音为/ ai /,直接加-ly
dry-drylyshy---shyly
5. ic结尾的词,先加-al,再加ly
economic-economicallybasic-basically
scientific-scientificallyautomatic-automatically
energetic-energeticallyspecific-specifically
public-publicly例外
6. 以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e-y
simple-simply terrible-terribly gentle-gently possible-possibly probable-probably
7. 以元音字母加le结尾时,加-ly
sole-solely(仅有的; 唯一的)
whole-wholly例外
委托翻译
8. -ll结尾时,只须加–y
dull-dullyshrill-shrilly(刺耳的;尖厉的)
10. 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词
friendlymotherlylovelymonthlymanly
附表6: 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化规则
1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;
small→smaller→smallest;
short→shorter→shortest;
all→taller→tallest ;
great→greater→greatest;
clever→cleverer→cleverest;
narrow→narrower→narrowest
2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;
large→larger→largest;
nice→nicer→nicest ;
able→abler→ablest
3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
big→bigger→biggest;
hot→hotter→hottest;
fat→fatter→fattest
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
easy→easier→easiest ;
heavy→heavier→heaviest;
busy→busier→busiest ;
happy→happier→happiest
5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most;
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful;
different→more different→most different;
easily→more easily→most easily
6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.
good→better→best ;
well→better→best
bad→wor→worst;
ill→wor→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most;
little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

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