Text 1 Culture and Communication 文化与交际
(翻译官：彭炳铭2019.9.20.)
Paragraph 1. 杭州英语口语培训
The term 交大昂立新课程“culture”喷油泵 comes from anthropologists’ studies of human societies.
文化这一术语出自人类学家对人类社会的研究。
Culture is the particular configuration of behaviors, norms, attitudes, values, beliefs and basic assumptions that differ from society to society .
文化是由特定行为、道德规范、态度、价值观、信仰、和基本假说等要素构成，这些要素因社会不同而不同。
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This means that culture is not “objective” in the n that phenomena in the natural world are (or em to be ) objective.
意思是：大自然的现象都是客观的，在这个意义上讲，文化就不是“客观的”。
Culture can look different depending upon who does the looking, when they look and from what direction.
文化看起来是不同的，这有赖于谁在看、何时看、从什么方向（角度）来看。
This makes culture difficult to grasp. 这就使得文化很难掌握。
Paragraph 2.
Culture has been defined in many ways but a classic definition is : 文化的定义是多方面的，但有一个经典的定义是：
Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior, acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups … the esntial core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values.”
【译文】文化包含各种外显和内隐的行为模式，这些行为模式通过符号习得和传播，构成
了人类群体与众不同的成就。文化的本质核心是由传统的（即历史衍生和选择的）观点，尤其是它们所附带的价值观构成。
Paragraph 3. Culture tells people what is , how it got that way, and what ought to be.
文化告诉人们什么是什么，为什么会那样，应该是怎么样.
Culture is not a rationally bad belief system.
文化不是个基于理性的信仰体系。
落第的意思
Rather，culture refers to taken-for-granted beliefs, values, norms and basic assumptions that have proven uful in adapting to uncertainty and integration .
更正确地说， 文化指的是被认为理所当然的信仰、价值观、行为规范、和基础假定， 这些在适应不确定性和同化（融合）方面被证明是有用的。
得益于It is for the reasons that cultures are often difficult to understand from afar.
因此文化常常很难被理解。
Culture is more emotionally charged and resistant to change than are rational beliefs becau it gives people some n of confidence in facing the threat pod by uncertainties, and becau it aris in the very circumstances that cannot be fully understood or predicted by rational means.
文化是充满热情的、抗拒变革、更感性的，而不是理性的信仰， 因为文化在面对由不确定性引起的威胁时，能给人以自信心，而且文化是在不能充分理解或理性预测的情况下产生的。
Paragraph 4. Deep-ated belief in onespoon怎么读>伦敦暴乱’s culture is also reinforced through culturally accepted ways of expressing and affirming beliefs, values and basic assumptions.
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通过用文化上可以接受的方式对信仰、价值观和基本假说进行表达和肯定，文化中的根深蒂固的信仰也得到强化。
There are ts of cultural forms, such as rituals, that groups u to express their cultures.
有很多成套的文化形式存在，比如宗教仪式，社会群体用它们来表达其文化内涵。
In an organization the might include meetings, hierarchies, occupational groupings, us of space, celebratory events, origin myths and legends.
初一下册英语单词
