1.Hemingway Code Hero It refers to some protagonists in Hemingway's works. In the general situation of Hemingway's novels, life is full of tension and battles; the world is in chaos and man is always fighting desperately a losing battle. Tho who survive and perhaps emerge victorious in the process of eking to master the code with a t of principles such as honor, courage, endurance, wisdom, discipline and dignity are known as "the Hemingway code". man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually.
2.Iceberg theory of Writing: it refers a writing style of Hemingway that is the ntences only give one small bit of the meaning. The rest is implied. One must go very deep beneath the surface to understand the full meaning of his writing.
3.Imagism: imagism is the doctrine and poetic practice of a small but influential group of American and British poets calling themlves imagists between 1912 and 1917.aiming at a new clarity and exactness in the short lyric poem, the imagists cultivated concision and directness, building their short poems around single images; they also preferred loor cadences to traditional regular rhythms.
4.free ver (自由诗体) without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.
5.Lost Generation：it defines a n of moral loss or aimlessness. The WWI destroyed the innocent ideas, many good young men went to the war and died, or returned damaged, both physically and mentally; their moral faith were no longer valid they are lost. narrow n means a group of American writers, including Hemingway, F.S.Fitzgerald, etc. broad n: the entire post WWI American young generation.
6.The Beat generation: it was a group of authors who literature explored and influenced American culture in the post-WW2 era. The bulk of their work was published and popularized throughout the 1950s. Central elements of “Beat “ culture: rejection of standard narrative values, the spiritual quest, exploration of American and Eastern religions, rejection of materialism, explicit portrayals of the human condition, experimentation with psychedelic drugs, and xual liberation, exploration.
7.Modernism现代主义：is looly a synonym of anything contemporary. Strictly, especially in literary criticism, which began in the late 19th century and the theory of psyc
ho-analysis as its theoretical ba. They pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one.
8.Realism: realism is a term applied to literary composition that aims at an interpretation of the actualities of any aspect of life ,free from subjective prejudice, idealism, or romantic color.
9.Naturalism: naturalism is a critical term applied to the method of literary composition that aims at a detached, objectivity in the treatment of natural man.
10.Local color: loc al color is a term applied to literature which emphasizes its tting, being concerned with the character of district or of an era, as marked by its customs, dialects, costumes, landscape or other peculiarities that have escaped standardizing cultural influences.
11.American romanticism : Romanticism is an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest i
n nature ,emphasis on the individual’s expression of emotion and imagination ,departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism ,and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.
12.The Harlem Renaissance The first flowering of African-American literature. It was the African American artistic movement in the 1920s that celebrated black life and culture and Hughes is best-known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance.
13. Stream-of-Consciousness Stream of Consciousness, in literature, is the technique that records the multifarious thoughts and feelings of a character without regard to logical argument or narrative quence.
15.Transcendentalism: In New England, an intellectual movement known as transcendentalism developed as an American version of Romanticism. The movement began among an influential t of authors bad in Concord, Massachutts and was led by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Like Romanticism, transcendentalism rejected both 18th century rationalism and established religion, which for the transcendentalists meant the P
uritan tradition in particular. The transcendentalists celebrated the power of the human imagination to commune with the univer and transcend thelimitations of the material world. They found their chief source of inspiration in nature. Emerson‟s essay nature was the major document of the transcendental school and stated the ideas that were to remain central to it.
16.The Jazz Age(享乐时代)：when New Orleans musicians moved “up the river” to Chicago, and the theatre of New Yorks Harlem puld with the music that had become a symbol of the times. Fitzgerald portrays the Jazz Age as a generation of “the beautiful and damned”, drowning in their pleasures.
