Unit 1 the language of power
Text A
Critical Reading 批判性阅读
Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author
puts forth a position or eks to make a statement
批判性阅读适用于纪实文学创作，作者提出一个观点或者去说明什么
Critical reading is active reading.It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying.
批判性阅读是主动阅读，它涉及不仅仅是明白作者说的是什么。
Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying,and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying.
批判性阅读涉及质疑和评价作者说了什么，和关于作者说了什么有这自己的意见
Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.
以下是批判性读者应该做的事情
Consider the context of what is written.
考虑书写时的语境
You maybe reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours.
你可能阅读一些文章的作者与你来自不同的文化背景
Or,you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours.
或者，你也许阅读的文章写于一段时间以前与你有这不同的时间环境。
in either ca,you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and tho reprented by the autho.
不论发生什么情况，你必须认识到你和作者两者之间一些不同的价值观和态度考虑进去。
Question asrtions made by the author.
作者的断言问题
Don't accept what is written at face value.
不接受什么书面的表面价值
Before accepting what is written,be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any asrtions made.
在接受书写什么之前，任何断言作者确定提供了足够的支持
Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support .Also, look to e if the author has integrated the work of authorities.
寻找事实，范例和统计数据提供支持，并且，看看是否作者整合了权威人士的工作
Compare what is written with other written work on the subject.
围绕主题与其他书写比较写的是什么。
Look to e that what is written is consistent with what other have written about the subject.
注意做到书写什么与其他书写的主题一致。
if there are inconsistencies,carefully evaluate the support the
author for the inconsistencies.
如果不一致，仔细评估作者提供的不一致支持
Analyze assumptions made by the author.
对作者的假设进行分析
Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make asrtions.
为了制造断言无论如何作者必须相信假设是真的In many cas,the author's assumptions are not directly stated.This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.
在许多情况下，作者的断言不是直接阐明的，这意味着你必须仔细的读为了鉴定任何的假设。
Once you identify an assumption,you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid
一旦你确定一个的假设，你必须决定不论假设是否有效
Evaluate the sources the author us.
评价作者的来源使用
In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible.
在做这个，确认来源是可靠的
For example,Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics.
例如，如果作者是写关于物理学达到的里程牌，爱因斯坦是可靠的来源。
Also be certain that the sources are relevant.Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.
并且确认来源的相关性，当主题关于诗歌的时候爱因斯坦不是相关的消息来源
Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current.
最终，如果作者书写的主题是关于现在的状态，肯定是现在的消息来源
For example,studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.
例如，
Identify any possible author bias.
识别作者的任何偏见A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.
书面讨论美国的政治根据作者是否是民主党人或者是共和党人可能看起来十分的不同。
What is written may very well reflect a biad position.
书写什么很可能反映出偏见的立场
You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is, take what is written with "a grain of salt."
当读到作者写了什么你需要把可能存在的偏见考虑进去。这就是说，拿“一粒盐”去写什么。
By being a critical reader,you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.
做为一名批判性读者，你将变得见多识广而且可能会适当的改变你的观点。
