马克吐温的作品年表

更新时间:2023-05-11 20:57:36 阅读：评论：0

Sam Clemens Through Time

"All say, 'How hard it is that we have to die' ?a strange complaint to come from the mouths of people who have had to live."

BOYHOOD 1835-1853
1835	Sam Clemens born on Nov. 30 in Florida, Missouri, to parents John and Jane Clemens.
1835-39	Lives in Florida.
1839	John Clemens moves family to Hannibal, Missouri.
1839-53	Lives in Hannibal.
1845	Future wife Olivia Langdon born in Elmira, N.Y.
1847	Attends John Dawson's school; works for Hannibal Gazette. John Clemens dies.
1849	Stops attending school regularly.
1851	Works as printer for brother Orion Clemens' newspaper, the Hannibal Journal.
1853	Leaves Hannibal; works as printer in St. Louis, New York, and Philadelphia.
THE MISSISSIPPI YEARS 1857-61
1854-56	After visiting the East Coast, Twain lives in St. Louis; Keokuk, Iowa, where Orion now lives; and Cincinnati, Ohio. Works as a printer; writes travel letters.
1857	Works and lives as a cub pilot on Mississippi River steamboats.
1858	Brother Henry Clemens dies in an explosion on the steamboat Pennsylvania.
1859	Receives steamboat pilot licen. Works as a pilot for two years.
THE WESTERN YEARS 1861-66.
1861	In Hannibal, forms the voluntary militia group Marion Rangers with 14 young men; after two weeks of training, the unit disbands. Clemens goes to Nevada with his brother Orion, who is appointed cretary of a new territory. Clemens clerks for the Nevada Territorial Legislature.
1862	Works for Virginia City Territorial Enterpri.
1863	Lives in Virginia City; adopts pen name Mark Twain.
1864	Moves to San Francisco; works for San Francisco Call.
1865	Mines at Angel's Camp, California; writes for San Francisco newspapers.
1866	Travels to Hawaii, writes travel correspondence to Sacramento Union and Alta California. Gives first lecture about the Sandwich Islands; goes on 16-engagement lecture tour through California and Nevada. Leaves San Francisco for New York.
THE INNOCENT ABROAD AND ALONG THE EAST COAST 1867-1870
1867	Lives in New York City. Publishes first book, The Celebrated Jumping Frog Of Calaveras County. Sails on the Quaker City to Europe and the Mideast (June to November); writes travel letters about the voyage to the Alta California. Meets future wife Olivia Langon. Moves to Washington, D.C., to be private cretary to Senator William Stewart.
1868	Lives in Washington; travels and lectures in California and Nevada; moves between New York, Hartford, and Elmira, N.Y. Becomes engaged to Olivia Langdon.
1869	Conducts a lecture tour through Midwest. Buys interest in the Buffalo Express. Publishes Innocents Abroad, his account of the Quaker City excursion. Goes on a 45-engagement lecture tour.
SETTLED DOWN 1870-1891
1870	Marries Olivia Langon in Elmira, N.Y.; lives in Buffalo, N.Y.; works for the Buffalo Express as an editor and writer.
1871	puts interest in Express and his Buffalo home up for sale; moves to Elmira with family. Begins five-month lecture tour through the East in October.
THE HARTFORD GENTRY 1872-91
1872	Moves to home in Hartford, Connecticut. Publishes Roughing It, an account of his early years in Nevada and California. Travels to England for three months. Daughter Susy Clemens is born.
1873	Signs deed to Nook Farm property in Hartford; joins Monday Evening Club. Travels to England with family (May-November); meets Robert Browning, Ivan Turgenev, Lewis Caroll, and others in London; lectures in England.
1874	Daughter Clara Clemens born.
1875	Publishes Tom Sawyer.
1878	Contracts with Elisha Bliss for another book about Europe; travels with family to Europe (April 1878-September 1879). Visits Germany, the Swiss and French Alps, and Italy.
1879	In Paris, Belgium, the Netherlands, and England, before returning to Hartford.
1880	Publishes A Tramp Abroad. Daughter Jean Clemens is born.
1881	Publishes The Prince and the Pauper.
1883	Publishes Life on the Mississippi.
1884	Lectures in Midwest and East. Founds Charles W. Webster & Co. publishing hou.
1885	Celebrates 50th birthday. Publishes Huckleberry Finn. Webster & Co. publishes U.S. Grant's Memoirs.
1886	Forms partnership with James Paige to develop Paige Compositor.
1889	Publishes A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. Signs a new agreement with Paige.
1890	Buys all rights to Paige Compositor. Mother Jane Clemens and mother-in-law Olivia Langdon die.
1891	Stops payments on Paige Compositor. Ends residence in Hartford, shuts down the Clemens home there, returns with family to Europe.
FLEEING TO EUROPE AND THE EQUATOR 1891-1900
1892	In Germany, France, and Italy; lives near Florence, Italy. Dines with Kaisar Wilhelm II. Publishes The American Claimant.
1893	Temporarily returns to America for business. Moves family to Berlin. Stays in New York City (September-March 1894).
1894	Travels between family in France and New York City. Gives frequent public appearances in New York. Webster & Co. goes into bankruptcy. Paige Compositor tested at Chicago Herald, and proves a failure as practical equipment. Publishes Pudd'nhead Wilson.
1895	Contracts for around-the-world lecture tour, and makes publishing agreement with Harper & Bros. for a book about the tour. Visits British Colombia, Hawaii, Fiji, Australia, and New Zealand.
1896	Visits and lectures in India, South Africa, and England. Joan of Arc is published. Daugther Susy Clemens dies in Hartford, age 23.
1897	Lives in London, Switzerland, and Vienna. Publishes Following the Equator, about the round-the-world tour. Orion Clemens dies.
1898	Lives in Vienna and other parts of Austria. Pays off creditors.
1899	Visits Budapest, Prague, London, and Sweden. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg is published.
1900	Lives in London, before moving to New York City.
THE NEW YORK YEARS 1900-08
1901	Makes many public appearances in New York City. Moves to Riverdale, N.Y.
1902	Lives in Riverdale. Visits Florida, the Caribbean, and the Midwest, including Hannibal and St. Louis. Publishes A Double-Barrelled Detective Story. Livy Clemens becomes riously ill.
1903	Takes family to villa in Florence, Italy (November-June 1904). Livy's illness worns.
1904	Livy dies in Florence. Returns to live in New York City. Daughter Clara has nervous breakdown.
1905	Lives in New York. Dines with Theodore Roovelt at White Hou. Celebrates 70th birthday. Publishes Eve's Diary.
1906	In New York, Washington, D.C., and Dublin, New Hampshire. Address congressional committees on copyrights. Publishes The $30,000 Bequest, What Is Man?, and Chapters From My Autobiography. A.B. Paine joins Clemens houhold to write Sam's biography.
1907	Lives in New York City and Tuxedo Park, N.Y. Makes last trip to England; receives honorary degree from Oxford University. Publishes Christian Science.
THE FINAL YEARS 1908-1910
1908	Visits Bermuda. Moves to his last home, "Stormfield," in Redding, Connecticut. Organizes "Angelfish Club."
l909	Lives at Stormfield. Delivers his last public speech. Diagnod with heart dia. Publishes Is Shakespeare Dead?, Captain Stormfield. Clara Clemens marries Ossip Gabrilowitsch. Jean Clemens dies at Stormfield.
1910	Visits Bermuda on last trip outside U.S. Dies on April 21 at Stormfield. Buried at Elmira's Woodlawn Cemetary.

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