案例通常由下列几个部分组成

更新时间:2023-05-11 18:25:07 阅读: 评论:0

案例通常由下列⼏个部分组成
  ⼀、案例名称(Ca Name);例如:Marbury v. Madison (马伯⾥诉麦迪逊), v is short for versus.是“诉”的意思。
  ⼆、判决法院(Court rendering the opinion);例如:New Jery Supreme Court (新泽西法院)。
  三、卷宗号;案号(Citation);例如:93 N.J324, 461 A. 2d 138 (1983),这说明该案出⾃《新西汇编》第93卷,第324页,以及《⼤西洋汇编》第⼆辑第138页,该案判决于1983年。此处,A 是Atlantic Reporter的缩写。像这种指明两个或两个以上出处的卷宗号叫作:“平⾏卷宗号”,其英语表达为“parallel citation”,意思是“An additional reference to a ca that has been reported in more than more reporter.”⼴义上卷宗号包括上述⼀、案例名称;⼆、判决法院。
  四、主审法官姓名(Justice wrote the opinion)。
  五、判决书(opinion: stating the issue raid, describing the parties and facts, discussing the relevant law, and rendering judgment.)判决书是整个案例的主体部分,其中包括法律争议(Issue)、双⽅当事⼈情况、事实经过、判决采⽤的相关法律以及判决结果。
  判决书的阅读过程之中,要注意以下⼏点:1. 时态主审法官的意见⽤现在时态;前审法院的意见⽤过
去时态。2. 主审法官的意见是法院意见。3除法院意见外还有两种意见,它们被称为“反对意见”(disnting opinion or disnt)与“配合意
见”(concurring opinion)。Disnting opinion: opinion offered by a judge disagreeing with the majority panel of judges' conclusion; “反对意见”指不同意⼤多数法官判决结论之某⼀法官的意见;Concurring opinion: opinion written by a judge agreeing with the majority's conclusion but not its reasoning. “配合意见”是指同意⼤多数法官的意见,但是不同意判决结论的推理之某⼀法官的意见。
  六、法庭投票(Votes of the court)例如在七名⼤法官审理的情况下,有⼏名法官的意见是“维持原判”(affirmance),有⼏名法官的意见是“撤销原判、发回重审”(reversal and remandment)。
  第⼆部分
  ⼀、什么是citation?
  由于卷宗号这⼀块涉及内容庞杂,这⾥再逐⼀特别说明⼀下。我们⾸先来看⼀下《布莱克法律字典》中citation的定义:A reference to a legal precedent or authority, such as a ca, statute, or treati, that either substantiates or contradicts a given position. (p.237) 7th edition. 由于a citation is a reference to a legal authority,因此,citation必须要有⼀个标准,这样以后的参考者才容易检索
得到。正如《布莱克法律字典》所指出的⼀样,Citation formats exist for many different types of legal sources including cas, statutes and condary legal materials. Understanding the basic format for each of the different types of sources will enable the rearcher to more independently locate materials in the law library.7 l1
  案例之中的卷宗号通常包括下列⼏个部分:
  a. 案件双⽅当事⼈姓名(the names of the parties involved in the lawsuit);
  b. 包含案件全⽂的汇编卷号( the volume number of the reporter containing the full text of the ca);
  c. 该案例汇编的缩写名称(the abbreviated name of that ca reporter);
  d. 案例开始的页码数(the page number on which the ca begins);
  e. 案件判决年份(the year the ca was decided);有时还包括
  f. 案件判决法院(the name of the court deciding the ca)。
  举例说明: Hebb v. Severson, 201 P.2d 156 (Wash. 1948). 在这个例⼦当中,Hebb是原告(plaintiff),Severson 是被告(defendant)。我们可以在《太平洋汇编》第⼆辑201卷第156页(volume 201 of the Pacific Reporter Second Series beginning on page 156)找到这⼀案例。该案是由华盛顿州法院(Washington State Supreme Court)于1948年判决的。
  ⼆、如何阅读案例(cas)之中的citation?
  确定卷宗号之中的缩略码。请对照下列列表,找出缩略码(abbreviation)的汇编全称(full reporter title).
  Abbreviation Title 汉语汇编名称)
  EA. Atlantic Reporter ⼤西洋汇编
  A. 2d. Atlantic Reporter, 2d Series ⼤西洋汇编第⼆辑
  Cal. Rep. California Reporter 加利福尼亚州汇编
  F. Federal Reporter 联邦汇编
  F. 2d. Federal Reporter, 2d Series 联邦汇编第⼆辑
  F. 3d. Federal Reporter, 3d Series 联邦汇编第三辑
  F. Supp. Federal Supplement 联邦补充案例
  L. Ed. U.S. Supreme Court Decisions, Lawyers' Edition 美国法院案例汇编,律师版
  L. Ed. 2d. U.S. Supreme Court Decisions, Lawyers Edition, 2d Series 美国法院案例汇编,律师版第⼆辑
  N. E. Northeastern Reporter 东北汇编
  N. E. 2d. Northeastern Reporter, 2d Series 东北汇编第⼆辑
  N. W. Northwestern Reporter 西北汇编
  N. W. 2d. Northwestern Reporter, 2d Series 西北汇编第⼆辑
  N. Y. S. New York Supplement 纽约补充案例
  N. Y. S. 2d. New York Supplement, 2d Series 纽约补充案例第⼆辑
  Pacific Reporter 太平洋汇编
  2d. Pacific Reporter, 2d Series 太平洋汇编第⼆辑
  S. Ct. Supreme Court Reporter 法院案例汇编
  S. E. Southeastern Reporter 东南汇编
  BS. E. 2d. Southeastern Reporter, 2d Series 东南汇编第⼆辑
  So. Southern Reporter 南⽅汇编
  So. 2d. Southern Reporter, 2d Series 南⽅汇编第⼆辑
  QS. W. Southwestern Reporter 西南汇编
  S. W. 2d. Southwestern Reporter, 2d Series 西南汇编第⼆辑
  U. S. United States Reports 美国案例汇编
  再举两例说明,例如:Morgan v. United States, 298 U.S.468, 56 S. Ct 906, 80L.Ed. 1288 (1936)表⽰:摩根诉美国,收集在美国案例汇编第298卷,468页开始;法院案例汇编第56卷906页开始;美国法院案例汇编律师版第80卷,1288页开始,1936年判决。 For example, a popular name for a Sup
reme Court ca is:
  Which translates as Plaintiff versus Defendant
  原告罗诉被告魏德
  The official citation for this Supreme Court decision is:
  410 U.S. 113
  Which translates as Volume 410 United Stated Reports Page 113
  410卷美国案例汇编 113页
  There are veral different publishers for legal documents such as court decisions. (Libraries usually only carry one of the published versions.) The publishers may be referred to in parallel citations for this ca.
  例如,该案的平⾏汇编是:
  93 S. Ct. 705
  Which translates as Volume 93 Supreme Court Reporter Page 705, g7
  第93卷法院案例汇编 705页4 ]
  Or
  35 L. Ed. 2d 147
  Which translates as Volume 35 U.S. Supreme Court Reports, Lawyers Edition, 2nd Series Page 147第35卷美国法院案例汇编律师版第⼆辑 147页
  该案完整的卷宗号(full citation)就是:
  Roe v. Wade 410 U.S. 113 93 S. Ct. 705 35 L. Ed. 2d.147 1972
  Ca name Official citation Parallel citation parallel citation Date of opinion

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