《最新题TOEFL语法笔记》

更新时间:2023-05-11 16:34:01 阅读: 评论:0

《最新题TOEFL语法笔记》前言
TOEFL语法已经由朋友们钻研透彻了,就余下1996年12月北美卷,2003年8月、10月,2004年1月的笔记一直没有找到,《最新题TOEFL语法笔记》将弥补这一缺憾。1996年12月北美卷由likui编写,2004-01由bryony编写,2003-08和2003-10由pumpkin编写,定稿由ChaDream超级论坛TOEFL区各位版主审定。
准备TOEFL的时候,借鉴了朋友们很多心血凝聚的资料,直到自己动手一写,才更加理解什么叫辛苦。这点小小心意送给ChaDream的各位TOEFL考友,同ChaDream带给我的一切相比,实在是微不足道。谢谢enjoylife517和真老九给我的帮助和鼓励,谢谢各位朋友给我的支援和理解。从考GMAT到考TOEFL,接着是面临选校和申请,ChaDream在我人生中留下的远远不仅仅是那几千个帖子吧。
继承ChaDream《PP语法笔记》的精神,本着简洁实用的原则编写,因而在分析解释的部分相对比较精炼,翻译也是意译为主。中间错误疏漏相比不少,希望朋友们谅解。关于本语法笔记的反馈,有关于托福考试的任何问题,都可以访问ChaDream论坛TOEFL专区:
附:一个小小的提醒,在国外考试,请朋友们记住带上护照。虽然有的考场不要求,还是带上护照吧,在TOEFL 的官方网页上要求的证件是护照。
最后祝愿大家考试、申请、工作、生活,一切顺利!!!
Pumpkin (ChaDream)
龙城飞将
2004/8/1
ChaDream
                                                         
- 1 -1996年12月北美
1. The province of Newfoundland has ________ than any other region of North American in which t
he first language is English.
(A) its longer history
(B)    a longer history
(C) the longer the history
(D) the history is longer
答案:B
解析:than 确定比较级;C longer 前加the 显然错误, the 一般出现在最高级前面,(在the more … the more 的结构才能用the 在more 前面);D 中is 与 has 使句子谓语冲突;A 不符合习惯。 参考译文:纽芬兰省有比其它任何以英语为第一语言的北美地区更长的历史。
2. Clinical psychologists Dr. Carl Rogers found that 80 percent _______ verbal communication involved five types of respons: evaluative, interpretive, supportive, probing, and understanding.
(A) all
(B) is the
(C) with
(D) of all
答案:D
解析:百分数表达方式 XX percent of +N.。改错题考过用其他介词,比如to 来替代of, 迷惑视听。 注意involve 是及物动词involve sth , 类似还有一个考过的词语concern 是及物动词。
参考译文:临床心理学者 卡尔罗杰斯 发现,80%的语言通信涉及到五种反应:评价、说明、支持、探察的和理解。
3. The early feminist leader Susan B. Anthony became increasingly aware through her work in the temperance movement ___________ the same rights as men.
(A) women were not granted that
(B) that women were not granted
(C) not granted women that were
(D) that were not granted women
答案:B
解析:宾语从句women were not granted the same rights as men 作为 aware 的内容,以that (不做任何成分) +从句形式出现;A,C,D 语序错误,A,C 的that 没有紧跟movement , D 误用倒装 。
参考译文:早期的女权主义领导者 苏珊  B. 安东尼 通过她在禁酒运动中的工作,越发意识到妇女没有享有和男人同样的权利。
4. DNA, _________, is found in the cell nucleus in the form of very long and thin molecules consisting of two spiral strands.
(A) inherits material
(B) is inheritance material
(C) material is inherited
(D) the material of inheritance
答案:D
解析:the material of inheritance 做DNA 的同位语; A ,B ,C 中的动词造成谓语冲突。
参考译文:DNA ,遗传物质,被发现以非常长且细微的分子组成两股盘绕的线绳的形式于细胞核中。
                                                         
- 2 -
5. _________ plants, which manufacture their own food, animals obtain nourishment by acquiring and ingesting their food.
(A) Unlike
(B) Different
(C) Whereas
(D) As much
答案:A
解析:托福常考,Unlike 介词,放句首+N.,表示与主句主语比较;在这里就是plants 于animals 做比较。 参考译文:不像植物那样能够制造自己的养料,动物通过摄取和吸收他们的食物来获取营养。
6. The Hawaiian alphabet, introduced by missionaries in the 1820’s, _______ and only ven consonants.
(A) the five vowels consist of
(B) consisting of five vowels
(C) that consists of five vowels
(D) consists of five vowels
答案:D
解析:中间introduced by missionaries in the 1820’s 是修饰成分, 可以看成有省略出现,(which was )introduced , 主语从句;句子真正谓语consists ,表客观事实(从前这样,现在这样,以后也还会这样),用一般现在时,与修饰主语的从句时态并无瓜葛。注意introduce 应该是及物动词introduce sth/sb , 这里出现by missionaries 而且introduce 没有宾语, 说明introduced 是分词作修饰成分的插入语, 不是谓语动词。 参考译文:由传教士于18世纪20年代传入的夏威夷语的字母表是由5个元音和7个子音组成的。
7. Working like a telescope, ________ the size of objects at great distances.
(A) which magnifies a telephoto lens
(B)    a telephoto lens magnifies
(C)    a telephoto lens which magnifies
(D) and magnifying a telephoto lens
答案:B
解析:空格前现在分词作全句状语,可略去不管;空格应是句子主谓。注意lens 是单数的, a 50mm standard lens
参考译文:运用如望远镜,长焦镜头将很远处的物体的尺寸放大。
8. Volcanoes are divided into three main groups, bad on their shape and the type of material they __________ .
(A) are made
(B) made of
(C) are made of
(D) made for
答案:C
解析:A ,D 可以先行排除;且判断不是(which are )made of 的省略结构,否则之前的they 将毫无用处,排除B ;the type of material (that ) +宾语从句。还原: they are made of the type of material. 参考译文:火山鉴于它们的形状和它们构成物质的种类可以划分为三大类别。
                                                         
- 3 -
9. ________ to inanimate objects, such as machines, is a form of animism.
(A) When attributing emotion
(B) Attributing emotion
(C) Emotion is attributed
(D) If emotion is attributed
答案:B
解析:首先排除C 谓语冲突 和 D 缺主语, such as machines 做插入语;A when 有引导从句做主语,但是这里结构不完整,且when is a form 意思不通, 排除。A,C,D 都没有正确的主语。 Doing sth. is ~ 是托福中常考句型,请识记; 但是在GMAT 句子改错中, 这个形式并非优先选择。 参考译文:把情感的属性赋予死气沉沉的物质,例如机器,是一种万物有灵论。
10. _________, dolphins have no n of smell.
(A) As known as far
(B) Known thus far as
(C) It is known as far
(D) As far as is known
答案:D
解析:as far as 结构,在托福中是优选项;A ,B ,C 结构错误, 可以用: It is known that dolphins have no n of smell 。
参考译文:已知,海豚没有嗅觉。
11. The growth of psychobiology owes ________ to major conceptual advances in the way people think about the brain.
(A) much
(B) as much as
(C) much which
(D) there is so much
答案:A
解析:much 做副词修饰owe ; 【owe to 】 We owe to Newton the principle of gravitation. 我们全靠牛顿才知道引力的原理。 I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏有你我现在才仍然活着。 She owes her beauty to artificial assistance. 她的美全靠打扮。 You owe it to yourlf to say it. 这话亏你说得出口。B 的用法不对, 可以说owes as much to major conceptual advances as to some other development 。 参考译文:心理学的发展很大程度上靠着人们对大脑认识的重大概念性的进步。
12.  In 1938 Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman ________ the Nobel Prize for Literature.
(A) receive
(B) received
(C) to receive
(D) she received
答案:C
解析:be/become the first ~to~固定用法,识记。A,B,D 都是两个谓语动词没有连词, 错误。  参考译文:1938年巴克赛珍珠成为第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国人。
13. Now considered an art form, quilt-making originated as a means of fashioning bed covers from bits of
                                                            - 4 -fabric that otherwi __________ .
(A) not u
(B) were no u
(C) had no u
(D) it was not ud
答案:C
解析:A ,D 句子成分问题;B 改成were of no u  / were not uful 就对了。That otherwi 是修饰fabric 的定语从句。
参考译文:制被目前被看成一种艺术形式, 最早起源于使用小块织物点缀被面,如果不是这个用途, 这些零碎的布头就没什么用处了。
14.  The early years of the United States government were characterized by a debate concerning _______ or individual states should have more power.
(A) whether the federal government
(B) either the federal government
(C) that the federal government
(D) the federal government
答案:A
解析:空格前面已经有句子的主谓,且之后有独立的动词have ,则说明有从句存在,且有or 做判断,选A 。 参考译文:美国政府早期特点即是关于是联邦政府还是独立的州享有更大权力的争论。
15.  Beneath the streets of a modern city ________ of walls, columns, cables, pipes and the tunnels required to satisfy the needs of its inhabitants.
(A) where exists the network
(B) the existing network
(C) the network’s existence
(D) exists the network
答案:D
解析:当句子没有宾语,且主语偏长时,往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词短语或作表
语的分词短语提至句首,引起主谓的全部倒装。看到一个介词放句首就要敏感的考虑到倒装这个考点,然后看选项,果然有个完全倒装的选项。注意required 是分词修饰成分, 不是谓语动词。
参考译文:在现代城市街道之下存在着一个被用来满足居民需要的墙、柱、电缆、水管和隧道的网络。
16. The antique collectors must be able to distinguish real antiques from later imitations, which can be either reproductions nor fakes.
答案:D nor: or
解析:看到这类题应该找句中的对应判断词,这里是either ,应是either ……or ……这样的用法。提示一下, 这种搭配使用法还挺多的.  Neither…nor…, both…and…, not only…but also… 等等.
参考译文:古董收藏家必须有能力去区别真正的古董和后期的仿造品,其会是复制品或者赝品。
17.  Paint must be stirred and sometimes dilution before it is applied.
答案:C dilution: diluted
解析:看到and 要小心,看看是怎样的平行结构,应该用dilution 的动词被动diluted 和and 之前的stirred 平行。

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