消费主义的环境代价以及。。。如何改善
1.Buying stuff is a part of America's DNA.
买东西的习惯已经刻进了美国人的DNA里。
2.It's a tradition that really took off near the end of World War II, when the economy was thriving and the market exploded with products Americans didn't even know they wanted.
这是一种在第二次世界大战接近尾声时真正兴起的传统，当时美国经济蓬勃发展，市场上充斥着美国人甚至不知道他们想要的产品。
3.And even in an economy rocked by a pandemic, buying is on track to exceed 2020 levels this holiday ason.
尽管收到了疫情的影响，今年的假日季购物金额仍有望超过2020年的水平。
4.The result of all that spending means consumption drives 70% of this country's GDP, but it's also driving very real environmental issues.
这种大量的消费推动了美国70%的国内经济总额，但同时也引发了非常现实的环境问题。
5.Let's break down what the environmental cost can be, and whether it's possible to limit the damage.
让我们来看看环境代价有哪些以及这些损害是否可以减少。
一.Counting the cost beyond our bank accounts
一.计算一下银行账户以外的代价
6.The true environmental cost of a product can't be summed up just by looking at the physical material.
在计算产品的环境代价时不能只是累加其有形的部分。
7.You have to take into account the entire system in place that brings that product to you, from manufacturing to packaging to shipping and transportation.
你必须考虑到把产品带到你手里的整个体系，包括制造，包装，运输和交通。
8."You name [an environmental problem], consumerism drives it," says journalist J.B. MacKinnon, who wrote The Day the World Stops Shopping, How Ending Consumerism Saves the Environment and Ourlves.
“不胜枚举...任何环境问题都是消费主义引起的，”记者杰·毕·迈克基隆说道，他曾写过如下文章“世界停止购物的一天”，“终结消费主意将如何拯救环境和我们自己”。
9.Mackinnon cites deforestation, toxic pollution, climate change, and the extinction of species as just a few of the myriad problems tied to our consumption.
迈克基隆认为跟消费主义相关的无数环境问题包括森林砍伐，有毒物质污染，气候变化以及物种灭绝等。
10.And, he adds, the environmental impact of consumer culture can take shape in surprising ways.
他还补充说，消费主义的环境影响会以人们意想不到的方式产生作用。
11.Mackinnon gives the example of how endangered North Atlantic right whales are killed after being struck by cargo ships carrying consumer goods.
迈克基隆举的例子是濒危的北大西洋露脊鲸，它们会被运输消费品的货船撞击而死。
12."One whale conrvationist said to me, every time you hit that 'buy now' button on Amazon, you're helping power up the ships that are running down endangered whales off the east coast of the United States," Mackinnon said.
“曾有一位鲸鱼保育学家对我说过，每一次你在亚马逊上点击'立即购买'，都是在帮助那些把濒危的鲸鱼赶出美国东海岸的肇事货船。”迈克基隆说道。
二.Companies have a role to play too
二.公司也应发挥作用
13.The reality is that consumer goods are integral to the economy, but it is possible for companies to continue to ll products without exacerbating to the cycle of overproduction and overconsumption, Mackinnon says.
现实就是消费品跟经济是一体的，但公司是可以做到在售卖产品的同时不去加速过度生产和过度消费的恶性循环的，迈克基隆说道。
14.He says apparel brands like Levi's and Patagonia have adopted more sustainable business models.
他说，像李维斯和巴塔哥尼亚这样的服装品牌已经采用了更可持续的商业模式。
15."Both of tho companies are moving towards models where they will be making the sale of new products a smaller part of their model and the sale of recouping and relling condhand their own products a larger part of their model, as well as the repair and maintenance and alteration of their products as part of their income stream as well."
“这两家公司都打算让制作新产品的比重降低，而增加改制和再次贩卖二手衣服在其盈利模式中所占比重，同时把修补，维护和改制产品作为i新的收入方式。”
16.By implementing a system to repair, refurbish, and rell products for customers, the companies are able to extend the longevity of their goods, while simultaneously drawing in revenue to keep the economy going.
