记单词秘籍自然拼读法11如何判断重读音节
牛之秋
学会判断双音节和多音节单词的重音
下面介绍如何在没有音标的情况下判断出一个词的重读音节
一,双音节词
一般情况下双音节的重音在第一音节上,这类词最多,大概有三分之二以上。
尤其是以下面这些后缀结尾的双音节词,第一音节重读:-er,-or,-ment,-ous,-tive,-y,-ly,-less,-ful, ,-ey,-al,-est,-ish,-ness,-ist, -ent, -ence, -ant, -ance所有成音节不重读(辅音字母+l或le或el等,字母t和d+en或+on等)。所有的后加词尾不重读,如现在分词,形容词比较级等
例如:teacher,worker, murder, trader,doctor,labor, actor,treatment,moment, movement, payment,famous, luscious, anxious,picture, famous,curious, anxious,active,native, massive, passive,tiny,pity, sunny, rainy, lonely, friendly, mainly,lovely, leafless,careless, painless, hom
eless,careful,painful, handful, mournful,farthing, cockney, mental, latest, mawkish, kindness,wicked, haunted, apple, bottle, able, mortal, cancel, pedal, student, garden, pardon, cotton, willing, hotter, longer, scientist, dentist,recent, silence, esnce等。
但以下情况重音在第二音节。
1)部分以单独一个元音字母开头的词:a/ǝ/, e/i/, i/i/或/ai/, o/ǝ/, u/ʌ/或/ju:/例如:attend, effect, accept, expect , adult, idea, ideal, achieve event, across obrve, agree, asleep, address, Italian, alone ,enough, along , advi, arrive, ignore, erar,ago, escape, imagine, obey, idea, until, unmade,
2)以下前缀开头的词:be-, re-, de-, ex-, com-, con-, dis-, pre-, up-, to-,for-, im-, in-, mis-, per-, pro-, trans-, un-, su-, en-等
例如:beside,begin, behind, before, remind, reform, return, relief, decide, destroy,except, exchange, exist, exam, compete, commend, complete, confu, conduct, condition, dislike, disud, despi, discuss, pretend, prevent, prerve, prescribe, upt, uproot, u
phold,upstairs, upstream, today, tonight, towards, tobacco, tomorrow, forget, forgive, forbid, forever, important, impossible, immediate, immune, impatient, impo, intent, invent, insist, indeed, inform, inside, mistake, mislead, misfortune, percent, persist, perturb,persuade, proceed, protect, profound, propo, promote, translate, transport, transform, transcript, untold, unlike, unable, unusual, unload, unwilling,suppo,support, succeed, success, suspect, suspend, enlarge, endanger, enlist, enhance, enable,
其实我们是通过判断非重读音节来反推出来重读音节,因为在英文的双音节单词中,一个不重读,另一个一定重读。尽管个别词是双重音,但数量很少,而且实际运用当中也不是双重音。英语中没有双不重读的单词。所以,知道一个不重读的音节,就知道重读音节在哪儿。
二,多音节词
1)三个音节的单词
和我们将如何读重音一样,三个音节的单词有三种情况。
A,第一音节重读,这类词最多,大概有一半以上。
这类词也可以根据上面双音节的不重读词尾来判断,因为那些词尾不但在双音节不重读,多音节里同样不重读。
例如:carefully, normally, instrument,negative,medical,ttlement,specialist,evidence,excellent,flexible,favorable
B,中间重读,这类词也不少,大概有三分之一左右,
判断这来词的重音可以通过“掐头去尾”的方式。上面双音节词里的不重读的词首和词尾可能同时出现在三个音节的词里,这样,中间的音节就一定重读了。
例如:remember together, amument, excitement, reporter, container, defensive, effective,establish,occurrence,abundance,industrious,example,regardless,abolish,accomplish,accordance,disorder,occasional,remainder,encounter,component,ingenious,obedience,preceding
C,最后一个音节重读,这类词很少,可以忽略不计。大概也不到三个音节单词总数的1%。下面是在我的考研词汇表里找到的几个最后音节重读的三个音节单词。
refugee,contradict,comprehend,recommend,reprent,ascertain, employee, engineer,disappear,volunteer,interfere, lemonade
2)以-ate结尾的词, 如果是三个音节以上,一定是倒数第三音节重读。例如:accelerate,celebrate,educate,parate,graduate,congratulate,chocolate,indicate, hesitate, deliberate, desperate, operate, tolerate。在这类词中,重读音节如果是字母u,读开音节,numerate, accumulate,mutilate, communicate。其他字母读闭音节,只有一个例外isolate,字母i读开音节。
3)四个音节以上的单词
四个音节以上的单词更容易判断重音,因为他们大多都有一个固定的音节来确定重读音节的位置。记住这些音节,一眼就能找到重读音节的位置。
下面这些音节本身不重读,但它的前一个音节一定重读,其中ity, ic, ical前面的音节一般多为闭音节。他们是:-cian, -cien, -tion,-sion,-ssion,-ity,-ic,-ical,-cial,-tial。
例如:musician, physician magician, politician efficient, deficiency, conviction,addition, na
tion occasion, erosion, mission , concession, expression,posssion,admission ,electricity, ability, possibility, relativity, celebrity,necessity,activity,capacity, reality , similarity, curiosity,economic,dramatic,democratic, analytic ,eccentric, electronic, historical, physical, medical, statistical, artificial, beneficial,official,superficial , initial, confidential,esntial,influential, potential
在以-ity结尾的单词中,重读音节如果是字母u,读开音节,其他字母读闭音节,opportunity,curity, community, purity,
4)四个音节以上词的次重音
从重读音节(包括重读音节)向前数第三个音节为次重音,该音节的元音字母按重读音节发音。
如:conversation, competition, explanation, curiosity
试比较: condition和conversation,在condition中,由于con-后是重读音节,所以con-不重读,字母o就读/ǝ/。在conversation中,-sa-是重读音节,con-就是次重读,处在次重音
的元音字母按照重读音节发音,con-是闭音节,所以字母o就读/ɒ/。另外, 重读音节前后的音节,一定不重读。
三,最简单原则
1)如果暂时记不住这么多规则,那么你就记住一个最简单的原则,即:在一个双音节词中,如果一个音节中只有一个元音字母,而另一个音节是元音字母组合或r音节,那么,多数情况下是含有元音字母组合或r音节的音节重读。
2)五个元音字母在非重读音节时一般只有两种读音,词首的e, i,多数情况下发/i/,在两个音节中间时一般读/ǝ/。a,o,u,多数情况下读/ǝ/。如:alone, method, August。但如果一个单词以o结尾,那么字母o仍然读/әʊ/,如:tomato, photo, polo。