A Guide to Western Culture
Directions: Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D] are given. Choo the one which best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval.
A. Sophists
B. Cynics
C. Skeptics
D. Epicureans
2. _________ is said to have told the king of Syracu: "Give me a place to stand, and
I will move the world."
A. Archimedes
B. Aristotle
C. Plato
D. Euclid
3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapd in _________
A. 395
B. 27
C. 1453
D. 476
4. The City of God was written by ________, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought.
A. Jesus
B. Augustine
C. Thomas Aquinas
D. Martin Luther
5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist----- a Renaissance man in the true n of the word.
A. Michelangelo
B. Raphael
C. Shakespeare
D. Leonardo Da Vinci
6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry.
A. Don Quixote
B. Hamlet
C. Leviathan
D. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe
7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal non-Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, posss a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief.
A. The Prai of the Folly
B. As You Like It
C. Divine Comedy
D. Utopia
8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the West.
A. Machiavelli
B. Dante
C. Bacon
D. Locke
9. In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the univer.
A. Kepler
B. Galileo
C. Newton
D. Copernicus
10. During the _________ century, the modern scientific method began to take shape, which emphasized obrvation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization.
A. 18th
B. 15 th
C. 16 th
D. 17 th
11. _______ said, "Knowledge is power."
A.. Isaac Newton
B. Francis Bacon
C. John Locke
D. Marx
12. In Faust,_______ drew on an immen variety of cultural material----theological, mythological, philosophical, political, economic, scientific, aesthetic, musical, and literary.
A. Goethe
B. Defoe
C. Rousau
D. Byron
13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer?
A. Wordsworth
B. Shelley
C. Pushkin
D. Balzac
14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except _________.
A. the power of reason
B. individual freedom
C. spontaneity
D. love of nature
15. "If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is the ending line of "Ode to the West Wind" by ________.
A. Wordsworth
B. Keats
C. Pushkin
D. Shelley
16. The compor of Swan Lake was ____, a genius in symphonic music.
A. Tchaikovsky
B. Chopin
C. Beethoven
D. Mozart
17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19 th century intended ________.
A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evils
B. to give full play to the imagination of individuals
C. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and retraint
D. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific study of "a slice of life"
18. Which of the following novels was not written by Tolstoy?
A. Resurrection
B. War and Peace
C. Crime and Punishment
D. Anna Karenina
19. In his poems, Walt Whitman sang prais of all of the following value except ________.
A. democracy
B. the dignity of the individual
C. the idyllic way of life
D. the brotherhood of man
20. Modernism was characterized by ________.
A. a conscious rejection of established rules, traditions and conventions
B. the exploration of the inner life of the individual and the psychopathology of human relations
C. its inten interest in the bizarre, the mysterious, the unpredictable and the formless
D. all of the above.
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1. Greek culture reached a high point of development in _________.
A. 1,200
B.
C. B. 5th century B. C.
C. 4th century B.C.
D. 146 B. C.
2. The masterpiece of engineering in Roman architecture is _________.
A. the Pathenon
B. the Colossum
C. She-wolf
D. the Ionic style of temple
3. The Old Testament of the Bible is about _________.
A. God
B. the doctrine of Jesus Christ
C. the Laws of God
D. A and C
4. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Jesus was born in Galilee.
B. Jesus was born in a synagogue.
C. Jesus was born into a poor carpenter’s family.
D. Jesus was bor n into a merchant’s family.
5. Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of _________.
A. military rvice
B. land holding
C. government
D. B and C
6. Which of the following statements is true about the Gothic style in architecture?
A. The Gothic style flourished in the 18th century.
B. The Gothic style started in France.
C. Sculpture of Gothic style churches were bad on the natural forces.
D. Gothic style churches were solid but small.
7. Renaissance means the revival of interest in _________.
A. ancient Greek culture
B. ancient Roman culture
C. the Bible
D. A and B
8. The reasons for the decline of renaissance in Italy are _________.
A. wars and class conflicts
B. loss of supremacy in world trade as a result of the discovery of the new world and routes to India
C. the tightening of control of the Roman Catholic Church over thought, speech and publication
D. all of the above
9. Which of the following died a prisoner?
A. Copernicus
B. Newton
C. Kepler
D. Galileo
10. The theory of the social contract was expounded by _________.
A. Thomas Hobbes
B. Francis Bacon
C. John Locke
D. A and C
11. In economic thought, the enlightenment thinkers favored _________.
A. government intervention
B. balanced development
C. the policy of laiszfaire
D. strict regulation
12. The author of "The Sorrows of Young Werther" is _________.
A. Goethe
B. Defoe
C. Schiller
D. Kant
13. The Lakers refer to _________.
A. Wordsworth and Coleridge
B. Byron and Shelly
C. William Blake and Keats
D. None of the above
14. The later Romantics in music refer to _________.
A. Schuman and Chopin
B. Verdi and Wagner
C. Beethoven and Mozart
D. Haydn and Bach
15. In Capital, Marx, after long and careful study, discovered that _________.
A. it is men’s social being that determines their consciousness
B. activity is basic
C. socialism would be realized through class struggle
D. surplus value is the source of the wealth of the capitalist class
16. The esnce of Darwin’s theory of evolution is _________.
A. immutable fixity of species
B. natural lection
C. artificial lection
D. none of the above
17. "The Cherry Orchard" was written by _________.
A. Dostoyevsky
B. Gogol
C. Corky
D. Chekhov
18. Which of the following was not written by Charles Dickens?
A. David Copperfield
B. Hard Times
C. Vanity Fair
D. Oliver Twist
19. The author of "Sons and Lovers" is _________.
A. Henry James
B. Virginia Woolf
C. T.S. Eliot
D. D.H. Lawrence
20. One of the chief reprentatives of the Theatre of the Absurd is _________.
A. Kinsley Amis
B. John Osborne
C. Allen Ginsberg
D. Samuel Beckett
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1. Socrates was _________.
A. the teacher of Aristotle
B. the student of Plato
C. the teacher of Plato
D. the student of Aristotle
2. One of the contributions the Romans made to European culture was _________.
A. the Roman empire
B. the slave system
C. the production of the great epic writer
D. the Roman law
3. The Book of Daniel describes _________.
A. the struggle of the Jews against the Syrian rule
B. the prisoners in Babylon
C. the story of Noah’s Ark
D. the rule of King Solomon
4. The Old Testament was originally written in _________.
A. Hebrew
B. Aramaic dialect
C. Greek
D. Latin
5. Which of the following is not included in the Code of Chivalry?
A. Loyalty to his lord.
B. Fighting for the church.
C. Protection of the people.
D. Respect for women of noble birth.
6. The goal of the Crusades was_________.
A. to re-control Jerusalem
B. to open path to Byzantine
C. to regain the Holy land --- Palestine
D. to open trade route to the east
7. The esnce of Renaissance philosophy was _________.
A. the emphasis on the greatness of man
B. the glorification of God
C. the emphasis on the giving up of worldly pleasure
D. the importance of wealth
8. Leonardo da Vinci, in his lifetime, put down his obrvation in notebooks running up to _________ volumes.
A. 1, 000
B. 5, 000
C. 3, 000
D. 4, 000
9. "Knowledge is power" is one of the quotations from _________.
A. John Locke
B. Francis Bacon
C. Isaac Newton
D. Gotffried Wilhelm yon Leibniz
10. The most important point in Descartes’ philosophy is _________.
A. I think therefore I am
B. I u my ns therefore I am
C. I doubt therefore I am
D. None of the above
11. The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were _________.
A. V oltaire and Rousau
B. Diderot and Montesquieu
C. John Locke and Isaac Newton
D. None of the above
12. Which of the following remarks was made by Rousau?
A. We hold the truths to be lf-evident, that all men are created equal.
（The Declaration of Independence 美国的《独立宣言》）
B. The thirst after happiness is never extinguished in the heart of man.
（Rousau卢梭）
C. Love truth, but pardon error. (V oltaire伏尔泰)
D. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one el.
(Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen（1789）法国的《人权宣言》)
