名词性从句
概述
1．定义：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句，统称为名词性从句。
2．分类：根据它们在句子中的语法作用可分为：
主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，宾语从句。
3．关联词：
连接词：that, whether(or not), if.
连接词在句子中只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。
Whether(or not)可引导所有的名词性从句，if只引导宾语从句，且不与or not连用。
连接代词：who, whom, who, which, what
连接代词除了起连接作用外，还可在从句中充当主语， 宾语，定语，表语等语法成分。
连接副词：when, where, why, how, how many, how much, how long 等
连接副词除了起连接作用外， 还在从句中担任状语成分。
例：
1. That they will refu the offer is unlikely.（主语从句）
2. I don’t know whether/if the figures are accurate.（宾语从句）
3. Whether they will come or not won’t make much difference.（主语从句）
4. The question is who can operate the new machine.(表语从句---主语)
5. They asked who idea this was.（宾语从句---定语）
6. Which plan is better is clear now.（主语从句---定语）
7. Do you know what that is ?（宾语从句—表语）
8. This is what he has asked for.（表语从句—介词宾语）
9. How we can rai our production remains a problem.(主语从句---方式状语)
10. Tell me why you were abnt yesterday.（宾语从句---原因状语）
11. When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.（主语从句—时间状语）
12. The question is where we shall perform the experiment.（表语从句---地点状语）
主语从句（Subject Clau）
主语从句有两种形式：
一．主语从句在句首。
1）That he should have ignored the problem was natural.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
3) Who is to lead the delegation hasn’t been made public.
4) How many people we are to invite is still a question.
5) How long he will stay in New York is unknown.
6) Where I spend my holiday is no business of yours.
7）Whether it will do us good or harm remains to be en.
8) What you need is a good-sized bag.
9) What she saw gave her a little fright.
二．1．It作形式主语(Form Subject)，从句在句末。
例：
1) It was natural that he should have ignored the problem.
2) It is a consolation that she is still alive.
注：
1） what引导的主语从句表示“…东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。
正：What he wants is a book
误：It is a book what he wants.
what引导的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语从句的含义。其他主语从句做主语，谓语动词用单数。例：
What he wants is a book.
What he wants are some books.
2） 如果带主语从句的句子是疑问句，则必须用it作形式主语。
Has it been ttled who will be nt to carry out the task?
2．有些用it作形式主语的主语从句结构，已经形成固定的用法和译法。常见的有下面４
种：
１）It is +名词＋从句
It is a fact that… 事实是…
It is good news that… …是个好消息
It is a question that… …是个问题
It is common knowledge that… …是个常识
2) It is ＋形容词＋从句
It is necessary that… 有必要…
It is clear that… 很清楚…
It is (un)likely that… 很可能…
It is important that… 重要的是…
3) It is +过去分词＋从句
It is said that… 据说…
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证明…
It must be pointed out that… 必须指出…
4) It +不及物动词＋从句
It ems that… 好象是…
It happened that.. 碰巧…
It follows that… 由此可见…
3. it引导的强调结构（Emphatic Sentence）
It is/was +被强调部分＋that/who…
例：
John bought a toy plane for his son yesterday.
1) It was John that/who bought a toy plane for his son yesterday.
2) It was a toy plane that John bought for his son yesterday.
3) It was for his son that John bought a toy plane yesterday.
4) It was yesterday that John bought a toy plane for his son.
The teachers and the students had a party in this room yesterday.
高考连线一
1. ______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal rvices.
a. What b. Who c. Whatever d. Whoever
2. ___ he said at the meeting astonished everybody prent.
a. What b. That c. The fact d. The matter
3. _____fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
a. What b. That c. This d. Which
4._____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
a. If b. Whether c. That d. Where
5. It is pretty well understood ____controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
a. that b. when c. what d. how
6. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning gray.
a. while b. that c. if d. for
表语从句
1. 表语从句一般放在主句谓语动词（连系动词）之后。常用的这类连系动词有be, em, remain, look等。例：
1)My idea is that this plan should be carried out immediately.
2)The question remains whether we should accept their invitation.
3)It looks that/as if it is going to rain.
4)The problem is who can complete the difficult task.
