IEC61508标准术语
基本术语
一、IEC 61508标准术语
说明：以下术语摘录自功能安全标准IEC61508和国家标准GB/T20438。4。故术语标号也未曾改动。
3.1安全术语
3.1.1
伤害harm
physical injury or damage to the health of people either directly or indirectly as a result of damage to property or to the environment.
由于对财产或环境的破坏而导致的直接或间接地对人体健康的损害或对人身的损伤。
3.1.2
危险hazard
potential source of harm
伤害的潜在根源
3.1.3
危险情况hazardous situation
circumstance in which a person is expod to hazard(s)
人暴露于危险的环境。
3.1.4
危险事件hazardous event
hazardous situation which results in harm
导致伤害的危险情况。
3.1.5
风险risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the verity of that harm
出现伤害的概率及该伤害严重性的组合。
3.1.6
允许风险tolerable risk
risk which is accepted in a given context bad on the current values of society
根据当今社会的水准,在给定的范围内能够接受的风险。
3.1.7
残余风险residual risk
risk remaining after protective measures have been taken
采取防护措施以后仍存在的风险。
3.1.8
安全safety
freedom from unacceptable risk
不存在不可接受的风险。
3.1.9
功能安全functional safety
part of the overall safety relating to the EUC and the EUC control system which depends on the correct functioning of the E/E/PE safety-related systems, other
technology safety-related systems and external risk reduction facilities
与EUC和EUC控制系统有关的整体安全的组成部分，它取决于E/E/PE安全相关系统，其它技术安全相关系统和外部风险降低设施功能的正确行使。
3.1.10
安全状态safe state
State of the EUC when safety is achieved
达到安全时EUC的状态。
3.1.11
合理的可预见的误用reasonable foreeable misu
U of a product, process or rvice under conditions or for purpos not intended by the supplier, but which can happen, induced by the product, process or rvice in combination with, or as a result of, common human behaviour
由于产品、过程或服务加上人的行为习惯而导致的，或者作为人的行为习惯的一个结果有可能发生的，未按照供方要求的条件和用途对产品、过程和服务的使用。
3.2 设备和装置Equipment and devices
3.2.1
功能单元functional unit
Entity of hardware or software, or both, capable of accomplishi ng a specified purpo 能够完成规定目的的软件、硬件或两者相结合的实体。
3.2.2
软件software
intellectual creation comprising the programs, procedures, data, rules and any associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a data processing system
包括程序、规程、数据、规则以及相关的数据处理系统操作文档在内的智能创作。
3.2.3
受控设备equipment under control(EUC)
equipment, machinery, apparatus or plant ud for manufacturing, process, transportation, medical or other activities
用于制造、加工、运输、制药或其它活动的设备、机器、器械或成套装置。
3.2.4
EUC风险EUC risk
risk arising from the EUC or its interaction with the EUC control system
由EUC或由EUC与EUC控制系统相互作用而产生的风险。
3.2.5
可编程电子（PE）programmable electronic（PE）
可编程电子以计算机技术为基础，可以由硬件、软件及其输入和(或)输出单元构成。bad on computer technology which may be comprid of hardware, software, and of input and/or output units
举例：下列均是可编程电子装置：
——微处理器；
——微控制器；
——可编程控制器；
——专用集成电路（ASIC）；
——可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）；
——其它以计算机为基础的装置（智能传感器、变送器、执行器）。
3.2.6
电气/电子/可编程电子（E/E/PE）electrical/electronic/programmable electronic
Bad on electrical(E) and/or electronic(E) and/or programmable electronic (PE) technology
基于电气（E）和/或电子（E）和/或可编程电子（PE）的技术。
举例：电气/电子/可编程电子装置包括：
——电－机装置（电气）；
——使用电晶体的非可编程电子装置（电子）；
——以计算机技术为基础的电子装置（可编程电子）
3.2.7
有限可变语言limited variability language
Software programming language, either textual or graphical, for commercial and industria
l programmable electronic controllers with a range of capabilities limited to their application
能力范围局限于应用的，用于工商业可编程电子控制器的，文本的或图形的软件编程语言。
3.3 系统：一般概念
3.3.1
系统system
Set of elements which interact according to a design, where an element of a system can be another system, called a subsystem, which may be a controlling system or a controlled system and may include hardware, software and human interaction
根据设计相互作用的一组元素，可能包括相互作用的硬件、软件和人等。系统中的某一元素也可自成一个另外的系统，称为子系统，子系统可以是控制系统也可以是被控系统。
3.3.2
可编程电子系统(PES) programmable electronic system(PES)
System for control, protection or monitoring bad on one or more programmable electronic devices, including all elements of the system such as power supplies, nsors and other input devices, data highways and other communi cation paths, and actuators and other output devices
基于一个或多个可编程电子装置的控制、防护或监视系统，包括系统中所有的元素，诸如电源、传感器和其它输入装置，数据高速公路和其它通信路径，以及执行器和其它输出装置3.3.3
电气/电子/可编程电子系统（E/E/PES）electrical/electronic/programmable electronic system(E/E/PES)
System for control, protection or monitoring bad on one or more electrical/electron ic programmable electronic (E/E/PE) devices, including all elements of the system such as
power supplies, nsors and other input devices, data highways and other
