徐汇区2016学年度第一学期高三年级质量监控
2016．12
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, u one word that best fits each blank.
Plea mind the silence
Despite being ud by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British rerve, means that (21) ____________ ___________you’re packed into an enclod spa
ce with hundreds of other people, the morning commute (上下班）can leave you feeling somewhat isolated.
One London resident, however, is trying to change this.
“You get on the Tube here and ifs completely silent and ifs weird," says Jonathan Dunne, 42, an American living in London, who has, ironically, started (22) ____________worldwide 网络安全宣传周
dialogue after
giving out badges (黴章）with the slogan “Tube chat?” last month, encouraging commuters in London to get talking to one another. “I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city of 8
million, expecting many refusals and most of them (23) ___________ (throw) away, but after about 24 hours it completely snowballed,” he says.
Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign (24) ___________ (feature) in media across the world ever since, eing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countles
s website, newspaper and magazine appearances.
Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his ntiment. Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of (25) ___________ own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Don’t even think about it” on them.
“I (26) ___________ hardly stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and (27) ___________ work. It doesn’t need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you,” he says. While London has its emingly antisocial t of regulations to follow, not everywhere lacks a n of community.
Does Dunne hope that some of this community spirit (28) ____________ (mirror) in the UK following his campaign? “People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, (29) ___________I don’t, but it’s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,” he says. “On Monday, Oct 10, the curator (馆长）of the London Tran
sport Muum had me over for tea.”
So if you ever end up (30) ___________ (u) public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be ud once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A overtook B. promising C. likelihood D. ridiculous E. shared F. controlled G beliefs &n酒水销售
bsp; H. reasonable I. trend J. tracked K. demonstrated |
|
The ri in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Google’s (31) to deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool? According to veral studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious f
ake news starts to become believable if it’s (32) enough times.
In the months running up to the US election there was a swrge(大浪）in fake news. According to an analysis by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories in circulation (33) the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.
Paul Horner, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected becau of him. “My sites were picked up by Trump supporters all the time…His followers don’t fact-check anything - they’ll post everything, believe anything,” he told the Washington Post.
Silverman previously (34) rumours circulating online in 2014 and found that shares and social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed (使...相形见绌）tho of the a消防安全资料
rticles that expod them. According to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to people’s hopes and fears, and aren’t (35) by reality, which gives them the edge in creating shareable content.
You might think you’re immune to falling for the lies, but a wealth of rearch disagrees.Back in the 1940s, rearchers found that “the more a rumour is told, the more
(36) it sounds”. They suggested this means that a rumour born out of mild suspicion can, by gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.
This fal impression of truth was (37) practically in 1977 when rearchers in the US quizzed college students on the actuality of statements that they were told may be true or fal. The rearchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later date was enough to increa the (38) of the students believing them.
Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tenne and her team found that students become more likely to believe a statement that they know must be fal if it is repeated.
“Our rearch suggests that fal news can and likely does affect people’s (39) . Even if people are conscious that a headline is fal, reading it m毕业典礼流程
ultiple times will make it em more trustworthy,” Fazio says.
Reassuri勋章墙
ngly, the team found that a person’s knowledge still has a large influence over their beliefs, but it’s still a worrying (40) given that falhoods appear repeatedly in our newsfeeds every day.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phras marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phra that best fits the context.
Two key climate change indicators — global surface temperatures and Arctic a ice extent — have broken numerous records through the first half of 2016, according to NASA analys of ground-bad obrvations and satellite data. Each of the first six months of 2016 t a record as the warmest (41) month globally in the modern temperature record, which (42) 1880, according to scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. The six-month period from January to June was also the planet's warmest half-year on record, with a(n) (43) temperature 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the late nineteenth century.
Five of the first six months of 2016 also (44) the smallest respective monthly Arctic a ice (45) since regular satellite records began in 1979, according to analys developed b
y scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland. The one (46)_____, March, recorded the cond smallest for that month.
(47) the two key climate indicators have broken records in 2016, NASA scientists said it is more significant that global temperature and Arctic a ice are continuing their decades-long trends of change. Both trends are ultimately driven by rising (48) of heat-trapping carbon dioxide and other greenhou gas in the atmosphere.
The extent of Arctic a ice at the peak of the summer melt ason now typically (49) 40 percent less area than it did in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Arctic a ice extent in September, the asonal low point in the annual cycle, has been (50) at a rate of 13.4 percent per decade.
"While the El Nino event in the tropical Pacific this winter (51) the gaining global temperatures from October, it is the basic trend which is producing the record numbers," GISS Director Gavin Schmidt said.
(52) El Nino events have driven temperatures to what were then record levels, such as i90美女网
n 1998. But in 2016, even as the effects of the recent El Nino wear off, global temperatures
have rin well beyond tho of 18 years ago (53) the overall warming that has taken place in that time.
The global trend in rising temperatures falls behind the regional (54) in the Arctic, said Walt Meier, a a ice scientist at NASA Goddard.
"It has been a record year so far for global temperatures, but the record high temperatures in the Arctic over the past six months have been even more extreme," Meier said. "This warmth as well as unusual weather (55) have led to the record low a ice extents so far this year."
