1. Discuss the four trends that make our world more interdependent.
(1)convenient transportation systems(便捷的交通系统） (2)innovative communication systems(革新通信技术） (3)economic globalization (经济全球化） (4)widespread migrations(广泛的移民）
2.What are the 西葫芦切法
characteristic(特点） of culture?
(1)shared
(2)learned (enculuration 文化习得：learning one's culture)
(3)dynamic(动态的）（accultration文化适应：adopts the changes brought about by another culture)
(4)ethnocentric(ethnocentrism文化中心主义：own cultural background is superior)
3.What are the characteristic of communication?
(1)dynamic(动态性） (2)irreversible(不可逆转的） (3)symbolic(符号的） (4)systematic(系 统性） (5)transactional（互动性） (6)contextual(语境)
4. Discuss the contents of …
1) Chronemics: The study of how people percei谭清泉
ve and u time.时间学
(1) Monochronic Time: paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time
(2) Polychronic Time私塾教育
: being involved with many things at once.
2)Proxemics:the perception and u of space.空间学
3)Kinetics:the study of body language.身势学
4)Paralanguage:involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication.
5..How is Chine addressing different from American addressing?
1) In Chine the surname comes first and is followed by the given name,but in English this order is reverd.
2) In China niority(资历）is paid respects to.
Nowadays, many English-speaking people tend to address others by their given names, even when meeting for the first time.
3) (About addressing by relationship）Chine often extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage. Americans tend to u just the first name and leave out the term of relationship. 4)Chine u a person's title, office, or profession to indicate(表明） the person's influential(有权势的）status. In English, only a few occupations or titles could be ud.(p24)
6.What are the social functions of compliments?（赞美的社会作用）
Creating or reinforcing (加固）solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism（委婉批评）,starting a conversa
tion, or even overcoming embarrassment（窘迫）.
7. What are the different features of M-Time and P-time?
M-Time think time is perceived as a linear strucure.认为时间是线性的
P-Time is less rigid(刻板） and clock-bound, more flexible and more human-centered.
8. What has influenced the gender socialization?（什么会影响性别社会化）
There are two primary influences on gender: socialization:
family communication, particularly between mothers and children, and recreational interaction among children.
9. Discuss the concepts of high co陈丹青语录
n辩论词
text culture and low context culture.（讨论高、低语境）
Eastern culture favors verbal hesitance and ambiguity in order to avoid disturbing or offen
ding others, the burden of smooth communication effective is shared equally between all parties involved.
The Western communicative mode is primarily(直接）direct, explicit（明确）,and verbal, rel元宵节图画
ying heavily on logical and rational perception(感知）,thinking，and articulation. So the task of communicating effectively lies primarily on the speaker.
10.How is gender different from x?
Sex: biological, permanent, with an individual property
Gender: socially-constructed, varied over time and across cultures, with a social and relational quality
11.Six principles for Effective Cross-gender Communication (六条有效的跨性别交际原则)
1)Suspend judgment
2)Recognize the validity of different communication styles
3)Provide translation cues
4)Seek translation cues
5)Enlarge your own communication style
6)Suspend judgment
