2022年高考英语知识梳理--实义动词
实义动词 一、按词汇功能分类
一、按词汇功能分类
1.不及物动词
ache 疼痛 apologize 道歉 appear 出现 arrive 到达 come 来 cough 咳嗽 cry 哭 dance 自我鉴定表
跳舞
die 死 disa真的好想你歌词
ppear 消失 exist 存在 fall 掉
flow 流淌 go 去 happen 发生 lie 躺
listen 听 ri 升起 run 跑 stay 呆、留
sit 坐 stand 站 succeed 成功 swim 游泳
2.及物动词
accept 接受 borrow 借 bury 埋 cover 覆盖
defeat 挫败 discover 发现 enjoy 喜欢 excite 使激动
forget 忘记 guess 猜测 interest 使感兴趣 love 热爱
plea 使高兴 put 放 rai 提高 surpri 使凉讶
3.双宾语动词
（1）及物动词+ sb.
allow 允许 award 授予 bring 带给 hand 交给
mail 邮寄 offer 提供 owe 欠 pass 传递 pay 付给 ll 卖给 lend 借给 write 写
post 邮递 read 读给 return 归还 nd 寄给
rve 招待 show 展示 eight的序数词
take 拿给 teach 教导 tell 告诉 throw 扔
He gave me a picture-book as a prent.他给我一本图画书做礼物。
He gave a picture-book to me as a prent.
I returned him the storybook.我把故事书还给他了。
I returned the storybook to him.
（2）及物动词+sth.for sb.
book 预定 buy 买 choo 选择 cook 做饭 draw 画 fetch 去取 pick 选择 make 制作 order 订购 get 得到
prepare 准备 save 节省 sing 唱歌 steal 偷 fix 安装
find 找到
He bought me a picture-book as a prent.他给我买了一本图画书做礼物。
He bought a picture-book for me as a prent.
I’ve ordered you an air ticket.我已为你预订了一张机票。
I’ve ordered an air ticket for you.
【提示】
只能用“动词+直宾+to+间宾”结构动词：explain，announce，report，suggest。
The teacher explained the difficult point of grammar to me.老师给我讲解了语法难点。
He announced to her his intention of going.他向她宣布他打算离开。
I reported the theft to the police.我向警方报告了这起盗窃案。
He suggested the plan to Haas.他向哈斯提出那个计划。
4.复合结构动词
（1）及物动词+宾语+形容词
believe 相信 consider 认为 cut 切 dye 染
declare 宣布 drive 驱使 find 发现 force 强迫
imagine 想象 judge 判断 keep 使保持 leave 留下
make 使 push 推 paint 漆 t 使
ou drive me mad when you say that.你讲这话真叫我恼火。
They judged her stupid.他们认为她很蠢。
Plea t the bird free.请把鸟放掉吧。
Mr Tomshon declared his story fal.汤姆逊先生说他讲的事是假的。
（2）及物动词+宾语+名词
call 叫 choo 选择 consider 认为 elect 选举 find 找到
keep 使 make 使变为 name 命名 wish 祝愿
We consider him a strange person.我们认为他是一个奇特的人。
We find him an honest man.我们发现他是个诚实的人。
We elected him chairman of the club.我们选他任俱乐部主席。
【提示】 chairman是表示唯一的职务的名词，作宾补时前面不加冠词。
（3）及物动词+宾语+to do
advi 建议 allow 允许 ask 要求 beg 请求 encourage 鼓励
expect 期望 get 使 invite 邀请 order 命令 teach 教
tell 告诉 warn 警告 want 想要 wish 希望
Mother often tells me to make friends carefully.
妈妈经常告诫我交朋友要慎重。
I persuaded him to accept the plan.我说服他接受这个计划。
（4）及物动词+宾语+do
look at 看 notice 注意 obrve 观察 e 看见 watch 注意看 listen to 听
hear 听见 feel 感觉 have 使 let 让 make 使
The pain made him cry out.他痛得叫喊起来。
I have never obrved him act like that.我从来没见过他如此表现。
We felt the hou shake just now.我们刚才感觉房子晃了一下。
Did you notice anyone take the book away？ 你看到谁把那本书拿走了吗？
（5）及物动词+宾语+to be
believe 相信 consider 认为 declare 宣布 find 发现 imagine 相信 judge 判断
prove 证明 report 报道 think 认为 deny 否认 discover 发觉 feel 感觉
guess 猜测 know 知道 suppo 架设 understand 理解
They all believe the story to be true.他们都相信这篇报道是真实的。
He declared the story to be fal.他断言这篇报道是假的。
Imagine yourlf to be in his place.设想你自己处于他的地位，那又会怎么样呢？
We judged the distance to be about four miles.我们估计距离大约是 4 英里。
（6）及物动词+宾语+doing
bring 引起 catch 碰上 discover 发现 feel 感觉
get 使（动起来） have 让（一直） hear 听见 keep 使（一直）
leave 听任 find 发觉 start 使（引起） watch 观察 t 使（引起）
notice 注意到 obrve 观察 e 看见 nd 使（突然）
Her cries brought the neighbors running.她的哭喊声引得邻居们都跑来了。
The teacher caught the boy cheating.那孩子在作弊的时候被老师发现了。
I discovered him living next to me.我发现他就住在我的隔壁。
He felt himlf getting younger and younger.他感到自己越活越年轻了。
His words got us thinking.他的话使我们思索起来。
His behaviour t people talking.他的行动引起了人们的议论。
The victory nt our spirits rising.胜利使得我们非常高兴。
He left me waiting outside in the rain.他让我站在雨里等候。
His criticism started me thinking riously.他的批评引起我认真思考。
（7）及物动词+宾语+done
find 发现 feel 感觉 get 使 have 使 hear 听见 make 使
e 看见 think 认为 watch 注意看
I couldn’t make mylf heard by all the listeners.我不能使所有听众都能听见我。
He found himlf surrounded by a group of children.他发现自己被一群孩子包围了。
