《英美诗歌选读》课程教案第十一讲首页
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第十一讲 田园短诗、田园牧歌
第一节 田园短诗商务英语翻译教程
田园短诗（Idyll）是描写乡村生活中平静、如画的风景和事件的诗歌。如华兹华斯的《写于三月》：
The cock is crowing,
The stream is flowing,
The small birds twitter,
The Lake doth glitter,
The green field sleeps in the sun;
The oldest and youngest
Are at work with the strongest;
The cattle are grating,
commercialization
Their heads never raising;
There are forty feeding like one!
cheap是什么意思Like an army defeated
The snow hath retreated,
And now doth fare ill,
On the top of the bare hill,
The ploughboy is whooping: anon-anon;
There’s joy in the mountains;
There’s life in the fountains;
Small sky prevailing;
The rain is over and gone!
(William Wordsworth: Written in March at Brother’s Water)
诗歌中对湖水、溪水、泉水、绿野、蓝天、山顶、积雪等与雄鸡、小鸟、牛群以及劳作的男女老少相交辉映，构成了一幅美丽自然山水图。这首诗的押韵格式很有特点，一般而言，押双行韵的双行都紧挨在一起，这里押双行韵的第五行和第十行却被另外两对双行分开了。
叶芝的《茵尼斯弗利岛》描写的就是一个世外桃源：
I will ri and go now, and go to Innisfree,
And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made:
Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee,
And live alone in the bee-loud glade.
图钉英文
And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow,
Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings;
There midnight’s all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow,
艾美奖提名And evening full of the linnet’s wings.
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I will ri and go now, for always night and day,
I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;
While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements gray,
I hear it in the deep heart’s core.
（W.B.Yeats: The Lake Isle of Innisfree）
弥尔顿在《失乐园》第四卷中描绘了伊甸园的田园胜景：
A happy rural at of various view:
Groves who rich trees wept odorous gums and balm;
Others who fruit, burnished with golden rind,
Hung amiable—Hesperian fables true,
If true, here only—and of delicious taste.
……
meanwhile murmuring waters fall
Down the slope hills, disperd, or in a lake,
That to the fringèd bank with myrtle crowned
Her crystal mirror holds, unite their streams,
The birds their quire apply; airs, vernal airs,
Breathing the smell of field and grove.
(John Milton, Paradi Lost, IV, Lines 247~265)
这些诗行中，视觉上有“金色的”（golden）、“晶莹的”(crystal)，嗅觉上有“芳香四溢的”(odorous)、“芳馨”（smell），听觉上有流水的“淙淙”(murmuring)，鸟儿的“合唱”(quire=choir)，味觉上有果子的“美味无比”(delicious taste)，伊甸园的美景通过这四种感觉被人类始祖所感知。诗人没有在这里提到触觉，这或许是因为伊甸园中那棵致命的知识树上的禁果是不可以随意触摸的缘故。
第二节 田园牧歌
田园牧歌（pastoral poetry）就是牧人所唱的歌，或关于牧人的诗，在欧洲具有悠久传统，可追溯到古希腊诗人特奥克里托斯（Theocritus, 310?~250?BC）和古罗马诗人维吉尔(Virgil,70 ~19BC)。到了文艺复兴时期，牧歌已经发展成为一种被普遍采用的形式。
斯宾塞的《牧人月历》（The Shepheardes Calender）包括十二首牧歌，除头尾两首，均用对话写成，前面有序诗，后面有一小节尾声。月历形式被用作诗的框架，十二首牧歌每首都与一年的某个月份相应，每个月份既有各自不同的劳作和娱乐，又符合季节的特征和
环境氛围，同时也暗示特定的宗教节日。牧歌的中心人物叫柯林•克劳特，他是牧人，也是牧人世界的歌唱家，他歌唱自己钟爱的农家姑娘罗莎琳，渴望获得她的爱情。
以其中的《十月》（October）开始卡狄和皮尔斯的对话为例，卡狄道：
Piers, I have pypèd erst so long with payne,
That all mine Oten reeds bene rent and wore:
And my poore Mu hath spent her sparèd store,
Yet little good hath got, and much les gayne.
Such pleassaunce makes the Grashopper so poore,
And ligge so layd, when Winter doth her straine.
The dapper ditties, that I wont devi,
To feede youths fancie, and the flocking fry,
Delighten much: what I the bett for thy?
They han the pleasure, I a sclender pri.
I beate the bush, the byrds to them doe flye:
What good thereof to Cuddie can ari?
皮尔斯回答道：
Cuddie, the pray is better, then the price,
The glory eke much greater then the gayne:
O what an honour is it, to restraine
The lust of lawles youth with good advice:
分钟用英语怎么说
Or pricke them forth with pleassaunce of thy vaine
Whereto thou list their traynèd willes entice.
Soone as thou gynst to tte thy notes in frame,
O how the rurall routes to thee doe cleave:
Seemeth thou dost their soule of nce bereave,
All as the shepheard, that did fetch his dame
From Plutoes balefull bowre withouten leave:
His musicks might the hellish hound did tame.
(Edward Spenr: The Shpheardes Calender, October)
卡狄代表受挫的诗人，皮尔斯是卡狄的同伴。也可以说，卡狄和皮尔斯代表诗人的不同侧面。每个诗节是以抑扬格为主的五韵步，押韵格式为abbaba，属吻韵变体。
马洛的牧歌《热情牧人的情歌》最为人们熟知，其开始和结尾部分如下：
Come live with me and be my love,
And we will all the pleasures prove
That valleys, groves, hills, and fields,
four asons
Woods, or steepy mountain yields.
And we will sit upon the rocks,
Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,
过秦论原文及翻译By shallow rivers to who falls
Melodious birds sing madrigals.
…
The shepherds’ swains shall dance and sing
For thy delight each May morning:
If the delights thy mind may move,
