测控专业英语翻译
Unit 1 Measurement, Control and Instrumentation
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理由的英文 Instrumentation is defined as the art and science of measurement and control. Instrumentation engineers are responsible for controlling a whole system like a power plant.
译为：仪器可定义为测量和控制的艺术和科学。仪器工程师负责控制整个系统，比如一个电厂。日本战犯的侵华罪行自供
An instrument is a device that measures and/or regulates process variables such as flow, temperature, level, or pressure. Instruments include many varied contrivances that can be as simple as valves and transmitters, and as complex as analyzers.
译为：仪器是一种用来测量和/或调节过程变量（如流量、温度、液位或压力）的装置。仪器包括许多不同的设备，可以像阀和变送器那样简单，也可以像分析仪那样复杂。
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Instruments often compri control systems of varied process such as refineries, factories, and vehicles. The control of process is one of the main branches of applied instrumentation. Instrumentation can also refer to handheld devices that measure some desired variable. Diver handheld instrumentation is common in laboratories, but can be found in the houhold as well. For example, a smoke detector is a common instrument found in most western homes.
译为：仪器通常由如精炼厂、工厂和车辆这些不同流程的控制系统组成。过程控制是实用仪器的主要分支之一。仪器也可以是测量某个所需变量的手持设备。多样化的手持式仪器常见于实验室，在日常生活中也可以发现。例如：烟雾探测器是西方家庭中的一种常见仪器。 Output instrumentation includes devices such as solenoids, valves, regulators, circuit breakers, and relays. The devices control a desired output variable, and provide either remote or automated control capabilities. The are often referred to as final control elements when controlled remotely or by a control system.
句中desired output variable意为“期望输出变量”，are referred to as意为“被称为”。 全
句译为：输出仪器包括线圈、阀、调节器、断路器和继电器等元件。这些元件控制期望输出变量，使之实现远程或自动控制功能。在远程控制或自动控制系统中，称这些元件为终端控制元件。kay>醒醒or
Transmitters are devices that produce an output signal, often in the form of a 4～20mA electrical current signal, although many other options using voltage, frequency, pressure, or ethernet are possible. This signal can be ud for informational purpos, or it can be nt to a PLC, DCS, SCADA system, LabView or other type of computerized controller, where it can be interpreted into readable values and ud to control other devices and process in the system.
译为：变送器是产生某种输出信号的装置，通常是 4―20mA的电流信号，当然也可以是电压、频率、压力或以太网。这个信号可作参考之用，还可以发送到PLC、DCS、SCADA系统、LabView或其它类型的计算机控制器，这个信号被转换成可读值，用于控制系统中的其它设备和过程。
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Control Instrumentation plays a significant role in both gathering information from the field and changing the field parameters, and as such are a key part of control loops. 句中field意为“现场”，control loops意为“控制回路”。 全句译为：控制仪器在现场信息采集和现场参数转换中都起到了重要作用。这本身是控制回路的一个关键部分。 Historyrecommendation
In the early years of process control, process indicators and control elements such as valves were monitored by an operator that walked around the unit adjusting the valves to obtain the desired temperatures, pressures, and flows. As technology evolved pneumatic controllers(气压式调节器) were invented and mounted（安装，配有）in the field that monitored the process and controlled the valves.
译为：在早年的过程控制中，过程指标和控制元件，如阀，是由操作员在装置周围走动通过调节阀门来监测，以获得所需的温度、压力和流量。随着技术的发展，气压式调节器发明了，并安装于监测过程和控制阀的现场。
muer This reduced the amount of time process operators were needed to monitor the process. Later years the actual controllers were moved to a central room and signals were nt into the control room to monitor the process and outputs signals were nt to the final control element such as a valve to adjust the process as needed.
译为：这样就减少了过程操作员监测过程所需的时间。近几年，实际控制转移到中央控制室，信号被发送到控制室来监测过程，并且输出信号被送到终端控制元件，如阀门，根据需要调节过程。
考研英语2013 The controllers and indicators were mounted on a wall called a control board. 译为：这些控制器和指示器安装称为控制面板的壁面上。
The operators stood in front of this board walking back and forth monitoring the process indicators. This again reduced the number and amount of time process operators were needed to walk around the units. The basic air signal ud during the years was 3～15 psig(磅/平方英寸). 译为：操作员在面板前面来回走动以监测过程指示器。这就再次减少了过程操作员在装置周围来回走动所需的时间。这几年使用的基本气压信号是3-15磅/
平方英寸。
In the 1970s electronic instrumentation began to be manufactured by the instrument companies. Each instrument company came out with their own standard signal for their instrumentation, 10～50mA, 0.25～1.25V, 0～10V, 1～5V, and 4～20mA, causing only confusion until the 4～20mA was universally ud as a standard electronic instrument signal for transmitters and valves.
译为：20世纪70年代仪器公司开始生产电子仪器。每个仪器公司为他们的仪器装置推出了自己的标准信号：如10~50mA, 0.25～1.25V, 0～10V, 1～5V, 和4～20mA，这只会引起混乱，直到4～20mA被普遍作为变送器和阀的标准电子仪器信号。
The transformation of instrumentation from mechanical pneumatic transmitters, controllers, and valves to electronic instruments reduced maintenance costs as electronic instruments were more dependable than mechanical instruments. This also incread efficiency and production due to their increa in accuracy.
