语音基础知识(2)常见的字母与字母组合发音规则
★ 附:常见的字母与字母组合发音规则
(I) 元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则
● 元音字母的发音
(一) 元音字母a
1. 重读开音节 [ei] paper ; late ; make ; lavosake ; face
2. 重读闭音节 [æ] bag ; fat ; cat ; ladder ; mass
(*例外:any一些[e] ;many许多[e])
3. 非重读音节 [?]或[i]
即:[?]—— ago ; along ; among ; above ; aloud
[i]—— comrade ; village ; manager ; palace ; private ;necklace
*连续相同的辅音(字母),一般只发一个音,而且归属
后一个音节段。如上的ladder,village .
4.在字母w或wh后面 ,发[?] was ; wash ; what ; want ;
(*例外:water水[?:])
5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里,重读时均发[a:]
即:dance ;France ; chance
ask ;mask ;task ;basket
class ;grass ;glass ;pass ;——(*例外:mass[æ])
fast ;cast ;past ;last ;master ;
father ;path ;bath ;——(*例外:maths[æ])
(二)元音字母e
1.重读开音节 [i:] me ;he ;she ;these ;evening
2.重读闭音节 [e] hen ;get ; set ;tell ; echo
3.非重读音节 [i] uless ;ticket ;basket ;pocket ;before ;below ;
(三)元音字母i或y
1.重读开音节 [ai] China ; try ; my ; hi ; time ; guid莎拉波娃禁赛两年e ;
2.重读闭音节 [i] sit ; hit ; ill ; little ; system ;
3.非重读音节 [i] unit ;study
(四)元音字母o
1.重读开音节 [?u] no ; so ; go ; home ; photo ;
2.重读闭音节 [?] not ; hot ; box ; fox ; cock ; cost ;
3.非重读音节 [?] purpo ; concern
4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前,均发[?]
son ; mo考试心态nth ; come ; ton ; (*例外:Tom[?])
love ; dove ; glove ; above ; another
mother ; brother ; become ; some
5.两个单词:woman[‘wu-m?n]女人(单数) ; women[‘wi-min]女人(复数)
(五)元音字母u
1.重读开音节 [ju:] pupil ; student ; use ; cube
2.重读闭音节 [?]或[u]
即:[?]——cut ; luck ; umbrella ; us
[u]——put ; full ; pull
4. 非重读音节 [?] autumn ;August ; support
●元音字母组合的拼读规则
(一)元音字母a的字母组合
1.ai或ay在重读音节中 [ei] rain ; train ; brain ; pain
day ; may ; play ; stay ; lay
*ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei] Sunday ; Monday ; Tuesday ; Thursday ; Friday
2.al+绝大多数辅音字母 [?:] small ; wall ; call ; talk ; walk ;chalk
尼葛洛庞帝
或[?: l] also ; always
*al后面是k时,只发[?:]
al+f或m时,al发[a:] half ; calm
-al在词尾非重读[(?)l] medal ; metal ; (例外canal运河,重音在后[æl])
3.-ance在重读时[a: ns] chance ; dance ; France
在非重读时[?ns] importance ;performance ;ambulance
4.-ant非重读[?nt] assistant ; important ;peasant
5.-ange一般[eind?] change ; danger ; strange ;(*但orange [ind?])
6.-age 一般[id?] village ; carriage ; marriage
7.-ask一般重读时[a: sk] ask ; mask ; task ;basket
8.-ass一般重读时[a: s] class ; glass ; grass ; pass ; (*但mass[æ])
9.-ast一般重读时[a: st] last ; past ; fast ; cast
-aste一般[eist] waste ; paste ; taste
10.-ath一般[a: θ] bath ; path面试例子 ; (*但maths[æθ])
或[a: ð] fath疯狂英语听力下载er ; rqe是什么意思ather ; (*但gather[æð])
11.-au一般[?:] cau ; autumn ;August ; (*但becau[?])
-augh(t) [?: (t)] caught ; taught ; daughter
(*例外:laugh[l a: f])
12.-aw [?:] draw ; saw ; law ; awful
13.a在字母w或wh后面,a发[?]
was ; wash ; want ; what ; (*但water[?:])
14.-ar 重读音时[a:] party ; car ; farm ; army ; yard ; hard ; star
在字母w或音[w]后面时 [?:] war ; warm ; warn ;towards ; *quarter
在非重读音时[-?] beggar ; dollar ; solar
15.-are一般[-ε?] hare ; bare ; dare ; stare ; rare ; care ; parent
16.-air一般[-ε?] chair ; fair ; hair ; pair ; stair ; repair
17.-able 一般[eibl] able ; cable ; table ; stable
(二)元音字母e的组合
1.-ea重读音节有四个音,分别是下列:
-ea[i:] team ; meat ; lead ; teach ; read ; mean ; plea ; steal
-ea[e] threat ; bread ; meapermeont ; read(过去式和过去分词) ; peasant
-ea[i?] real ; really
-ea[ei] great ; break
2.-ee[i:] feel ; week ; keep ; three ; steel ; street ; sweep ; see
*但是一个例外:coffee[i]
3.-eer[i?] deer ; pioneer ; engineer ; volunteer
4.-er重读音节[?:] her ; term ; service ; Germany
非重读[?] worker ; paper ; western ; teacher
特殊读法[a:] clerk
5.-ere [i?] here ; mere
-ere 或者发[ε?] there ; where
6.-ear 有三种音,分别是:
-ear [i?] ear ; dear ; near ; clear好事多磨英文 ; tear (n.) ; beard
-ear [?:] early ; earth ; learn ; heard
-ear [a:] heart
* tear作为动词时,发[ε?]
7.-ei [ei] eight ; weigh ; wei人教版小学三年级英语上册ght
-ei [ai] height
-ei [i:] receive
8.-ey重读[ei] they ; hey ; survey
-ey重读[i:] key
-ey非重读[i] monkey ; donkey ; valley ; volleyball
*-et非重读[it] pocket ; ticket ; rocket
9.-ew 一般[ju:] new ; few ; knew
-ew 或者发[u:] grew ; threw
-ew还可以发[?u] sew
10.-ege [id?] college
11.-est [i s t] biggest ; modest ; happiest;
12.词尾的-ed在浊音后[d] lived ; studied
-ed在清音后[t] worked ; finished
-ed在字母t或d后[id] wanted ; needed
(三)元音字母i或y的组合
1.-ie在重读音节中,或在辅音字母前,发[i:] field ; piece ; achieve
-ie在词尾[ai] lie ; die ; tie
2.-igh(t)在重读音节[ai(t)] high ; night ; light ; bright
3.-ir在重读音节[?:] girl ; firm ; circle ; first ; third
4.-ire在重读音节[‘ai?] fire ; tired ; hire ; retired ; wire