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文献出处：Fransoo J C. Green Logistics: Enablers for Sustainable Development [J]. inSupply chain management: an international journal, 2014, 8(2): 122-131.
原文
GREEN LOGISTICS: ENABLERS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Jan C. Fransoo
Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
1 INTRODUCTION
Logistics is the backbone of industry and commerce. As a discipline, it describes the management and coordination of activities along supply chains. The activities include freight transport, storage, inventory management, materials handling and related information processing. A large part of logistics activities are often outsourced to specialized providers that provide cost- effective rvices. Rearch has shown that, at le
ast in high income economies, the value of rvices is not assd in monetary and rvice quality terms alone. In making decisions, logistics professionals are increasingly taking into consideration external effects such as emissions, pollution, noi, and accidents.
The last LPI report relea in 2012, for instance, pointed out that in shipments to OECD countries, environmentally friendly solutions are considered far more often than elwhere. Mounting regulatory pressure, together with changes in customer preferences, are the main drivers of this phenomenon. One of the more widely ud terms to describe this t of preferences is green Logistics, especially when the activities of logistics rvice providers are concerned.
Rearch, including a recent book by Alan McKinnon, has established that drasticgreen Logistics is an emerging concern of private operators and providers and urs of logistics. From a policy standpoint, and especially for the global environment, green Logistics is potentially a major topic as well: estimates vary, but about 15% of global greenhou gas emissions (GHG) can be traced to logistics activities.
Green Logistics may not be an independent policy area. Rather, the supply chain perspective provides a framework to understand and deal with issues that are parate but ultimately interrelated. Importantly, looking at supply chains helps policy makers understand the interests and actions of private ctor operators. Green Logistics may therefore propo a number of tools and identify emerging sustainable solutions contributing to the overarching objective of green Growth.
From a policy perspective, logistics cut across veral areas and ctors. The performance of supply chains depends on areas or activities where government as regulator or catalyst of investment is critical, such as:
Transport infrastructure: road and rail corridors, ports and airports
The efficiencies of logistics rvices: rvices include not only modal freight transport, but also warehousing and intermediary rvices, such as brokers and forwarders, and related information-flow management. In modern economies, the trend is towards integration in multi-activity logistics providers (3PLs, 4PLs) to which industrial and commercial firms out
source their supply chain activities. Understanding the regulatory dimension of rvices is becoming increasingly critical to the development of effective policies in areas such as: professional and operational standards, regulation of entry in market and professions, competition, enforcement.
Procedures applying to the merchandi, such as trade procedures (customs and other controls).
英语学习网站 The soft infrastructure that supports information or financial flow associated with the physical movements along supply chains: IT infrastructure, payment systems. 放飞梦想演讲稿
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The concept of national logistics performance capturing the outcome of the policies is widely recognized by policy makers and the private ctor worldwide as a critical contribution to national competitiveness. A key question for sustainable development is how to integrate supply chain participants concern with environmental sustainability with the concept of national logistics performance.
Within logistics, transport creates the largest environmental footprint. But the volume of emissions can vary greatly, depending on the mode of transport. The volume of emission per ton per km increas by an order of magnitude from maritime to land transportation and to air transportation. This is a key environmental aspect of logistics that is not taken into consideration by most supply chain operators. Logistics experts typically integrate freight modes and other related activities so that the transport and distribution network is ud in the most efficient manner, which is important for keeping emissions in check, as well. Depending on the type of industry and geographical region, supply chain operators can place varying emphasis on the reliability of supply chains, as well. In summary, supply chain choices typically include multiple criteria and trade-offs, and this makes an analysis of their environmental impact complex; the most environmentally friendly choices do not only depend on mode of transportation, but also on other elements, such as efficiency and reliability.
To reduce the environmental footprint of a supply chain, the focus should be on veral dimensions and should lect the best mode of transport, efficient movements, and innov
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ation. Comprehensive work on g皮匠和银行家>discussreening individual modes of transportation is already available. Here, the key drivers have been energy efficiency and the urge to diminish various types of emission. Given the integrated nature of supply chains, however, the manner in which price signals and incentives catalyze supply chain structure is a rather intricate problem: lower- emission modes of transport (maritime, e.g.) are typically also less reliable or have other limitations (such as maritime access to a landlocked country). Such limitations may include the cost of such technologies, the temperature range within which they can be ud or the availability of certain types of fuel. It is therefore critical to complement the current knowledge about emissions produced by different modes of transportation with an understanding of what drives the demand for Green Logistics within supply chains.
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