梁山伯与祝英台
东晋时期，浙江上虞县祝家庄，玉水河边，有个祝员外之女英台，美丽聪颖，自幼随兄习诗文，慕班昭、蔡文姬的才学，恨家无良师，一心想往杭州访师求学。祝员外拒绝了女儿的请求，祝英台求学心切，伪装卖卜者，对祝员外说："按卦而断，还是让令爱出门的好。"祝父见女儿乔扮男装，一无破绽，为了不忍使她失望，只得勉强应允。
英台女扮男装，远去杭州求学。途中，邂逅了赴杭求学的会稽（今绍兴）书生梁山伯，一见如故，相读甚欢，在草桥亭上撮土为香，义结金兰。
不一日，二人来到杭州城的万松书院，拜师入学。从此，同窗共读，形影不离。梁祝同学三年，情深似海。英台深爱山伯，但山伯却始终不知她是女子，只念兄弟之情，并没有特别的感受。
祝父思女，催归甚急，英台只得仓促回乡。梁祝分手，依依不舍。在十八里相送途中，英台不断借物抚意，暗示爱情。山伯忠厚纯朴，不解其故。英台无奈，谎称家中九妹，品貌与己酷似，愿替山伯作媒，可是梁山伯家贫，未能如期而至.待山伯去祝家求婚时，岂知祝父已将英台许配给家住贸阝城（今鄞县）的太守之子马又才。美满姻缘，已成沧影。二人楼台相会，泪眼相向，凄然而别。临别时，立下誓言：生不能同衾，死也要同穴！
后梁山伯被朝廷沼为鄞县（今奉化县）令。然山伯忧郁成疾，不久身亡。遗命葬贸阝城九龙墟。英台闻山伯噩耗，誓以身殉。播音主持培训绕口令
英台被迫出嫁时，绕道去梁山伯墓前祭奠，在祝英台哀恸感应下，风雨雷电大作，坟墓爆裂，英台翩然跃入坟中，墓复合拢，风停雨霁，彩虹高悬，梁祝化为蝴蝶，在人间蹁跹飞舞。
在朝廷做宰相的上虞名人谢安听说这一奇事，就奏请皇帝，敕封为"义妇冢"。
故乡人正在遗忘梁祝
梁祝读书的地方——红罗山书院如今是一所学校，但在这所学校读书的
孩子们已经不知道梁祝了。４５０多个小学生，打着花花绿绿红红黑黑的伞，冒着秋雨，沿着梁祝“十八相送”的古道，聚集到梁祝求学的红罗山巅，追求新知。这一天，是９月７日。尽管是星期天，但下午两点，台子寺小学的学生们还是和着风声雨声，诵出了他们的读书之声。教室内的前后墙上，各镶
嵌着一排佛教造像古青砖；教室外的墙面上，砌着很多没有造像的古青砖；教室与教室相连的小道，是古青砖铺就的；教室的外面，立着一块碑，刻着“台子寺遗址”五个大字。记者一连问了２０多个学生，有七八岁的，有十二三岁的，但没有一个学生知道发生在他们身旁的梁祝传说，没有一个学生知
道他们的学校是“台子寺遗址”，更不用说红罗山书院了。
离学校大门２０米远的地方，就有梁祝井；离学校大门６０米远的地方，就是梁祝的老师邹佟和梁祝的师娘的墓地；教室的后墙外，还有一棵梁祝树（尚存硕大无朋的枯干）；学校的四周是积满水的沟渠，梁祝打鸳鸯的地方，
当是这儿了。红罗山书院是邹佟创办的，邹死后，他的学生，也就是梁祝的
谷歌翻译
同学为纪念恩师，把红罗山书院变成了报恩寺，在魏晋那个崇尚佛教的时代，
这是一个很普通的选择。再后来，也许因为红罗山并不是真正的大山，只不
过是个用土堆积起来的“台子”的缘故，就改名台子寺了。这个“台子”显然不
是邹佟堆积的，因为考古学家发现，台子里有商周遗物。这个台子到底是谁
堆积的，到底是干什么用的，没有人能说清楚。但在商周时代，堆个七八米
高、约５００平方米的台子，显然“别有用心”。记者虽然不生于梁祝传说的
故乡，但在很小的时候，就听老人们在“传说”梁祝的故事。但令记者尴尬的
是，此次在汝南的采访中，记者只能拜访６０岁以上的老者，６０岁以下的，
基本上不会讲梁祝的传说。但１０岁左右的台子寺小学的学生们根本不知道
梁祝是何方神圣，这还是大大出乎了记者的意料。
《宁波府志》不但肯定了梁祝是东晋时代的人物，连梁山伯的生年和死
constantly年，也说得清清楚楚（按其所记，山伯是生于352年，死于373年）。至于
所记的梁祝籍贯，家世以及情死的经过，大体上也是和一般传说相似，显然
它是从民间传说的轮廓上构画来的。唯一需要解释的是，它根据了什么材料
能够把年代肯定得这样结实。清朝人有好几种笔记本，说到梁祝，似乎都是adfs
取材于《宁波府志》，也许有一、二种是写在府志之前而为它所取材的，反
正这也没有多大出入，来历总不外乎是民间传说。
到了北宋徽宗大观间（公元1107年），明州知事李茂诚写过《义忠王
（梁山伯）庙记》（见清代闻性道康熙《鄞县志》的《坛庙》类），大意说：
梁祝同窗三年后，祝思念亲人先回家，两年后，山伯也回到家里。当他去拜
访祝家时，知道祝是女子，便遣媒人说亲，因去的迟了，祝已许配马家。后
bolshevism
roche来山伯任鄞（今鄞县）令，病死后，祝出嫁时路过山伯墓侧，前去祭祀，忽
然墓裂，她便跳进去殉情而死。当时丞相谢安奉表，封为"义妇冢"。梁山伯
的阴魂，则帮助刘裕平"寇"--农民起义立功，故被封为忠义王，又得人们立
了庙祠。故事中，山伯变成了主角，一心要忠于帝王，希望得到封侯立庙，
这样，比原来传说是曲折得多了，但由于作者站在封建立场上，故民间反封
建、反礼教的重大主题，已被歪曲。当叙到英台已许配马家时说："神（山
伯）喟然叹曰：生当封侯，死当庙食，区区何足论也！"加上他的鬼魂去协
助刘裕平"寇"，是想得到封侯立庙。这样，山伯成了坚决维护封建统治的利
益者。英台之死，又被赞为合乎"义"。因之，她对封建婚姻、封建礼教的反
burden
抗精神，全部丧失，这是主题受到了封建文人的严重篡改，民间的色彩已不partnumber
见了。结尾说，英台哭墓、地裂并埋时，"从者惊引其裙，风裂若云飞，至
董溪西屿而坠之。"可见，祝是自动投崖自杀而死。
情节修改:
越剧在"祷墓"、"化蝶"一场有马文才随吹鼓手与仪仗骑马迎亲而过。
虽然只是一句话，但我们知道《十道四蕃志》的作者梁载言，是唐初李哲（唐中宗）时代的人，可见这个故事流传得很早。又清翟灏《通俗编》有"梁山伯访友"条，引唐张读《宣室志》云："英台，上虞祝氏女，伪为男装游学，与会稽梁山伯者同肄业，山伯，字处仁。祝先归，二年，山伯访之，方知其为女子，
怅然如有所失。告其父母求聘，而祝已字马氏子矣。山伯后为鄞令，病死，葬贸阝城西。祝适马氏，舟过墓所，风涛不能进，闻知有山伯墓，祝登号恸，地忽自裂陷，祝氏遂并埋焉。晋丞相谢安奏表其墓曰'义妇冢'
民俗学家乌丙安先生指出：风物传说流传发展过程中，一般情况下都有
一个传说的基本中心，由此中心向风物边缘扩张开来，形成传说特有的走向。
笔者查明张岱《陶庵梦忆语》、清吴骞《桃溪客语》、清焦循杂说、民国
冯沅君《祝英台的歌》等典籍，梁祝故里、墓、庙、读书处共有九处。梁祝
故事“河南说”，早在1932年已被河南省唐河县人、著名学者冯沅君教授提
出并论证，而且得到著名学者钱南扬、容肇祖、顾颉刚等人的首肯。冯沅君
所搜集的祝英台的歌为：（一）日头出来紫巍巍，一双蝴蝶下山来，
前面走的梁山伯，后面走的祝英台。（二）走一山，又一山，山
山里头好竹竿，大的砍下做椽子，小的砍下钓鱼竿，钓得大的
买钱使，钓得小的自己吃。（三）走一洼，又一洼，洼洼里头
好庄稼，高的是秫秫，低的是棉花，不低不高是芝麻，芝麻地
frye里带打瓜，有心摘个尝尝吧，又怕摸着连根拔。（四）走一庄，
又一庄，庄庄黄狗叫汪汪，前面男子大汉你不咬，专咬后面女
娥黄。（五）走一河，又一河，河河里头好白鹅，前面公鹅咯
咯叫，后面母鹅紧跟着。（六）走一井，又一井，沙木钩担柏
木桶，千提万打提不醒。
刘裕是东晋时征东将军会稽太守刘牢之的部将，曾镇压了浙东地区的孙恩农民起义。上面所说的"寇"，就是指孙恩起义军。谢安是东晋孝武帝时丞相，在《仙踪记略》中也有相同的记录："东晋宁康年间，吴郡梁山伯、国山祝英台同学三年，不知祝乃女子，结为兄弟，寝食与俱。梁为鄞县令，……卒，葬四明山下，祝往哭吊，墓忽开裂，祝坠下复合，仅露玄襟，从者之皆毁，旋化蝶类飞去。"由此看来，梁山伯和祝英台应是东晋穆帝至孝武帝时人，生活在公元352年至373年之间。梁山伯在求婚不成之后，曾出任了贸阝县（即今鄞县）的一个小县令。在县令任上病死，死后就埋在城西门口外。至今宁波市鄞县高桥尚有梁山伯庙旧址及墓址。看来，不仅梁山伯、祝英台，就连马家及马氏子也可说是实有其人的。
Zhu Y ingtai was born in a wealthy squire family in Shangyu county, east China Zhejiang province. When the girl grew up, she became beautiful, smart and sometimes willful, as she was the only child
in the family. The father loved her very much. He cho many suitors for her; however, none of the candidates could touch the girl’s heart. Zhu had an idea. She put forward to attend a school and then find an ideal man to marry by herlf. Her father thought it as nonn at first, for at that time, attending school was exclusively for boys. Nevertheless, he agreed after her continuous entreating.
Then Zhu disguid herlf as a boy. During her traveling to the famous Hangzhou Wang
Song Academy, Zhu got acquainted with a young scholar, Liang Shanbo, who was both talented and virtuous. Fortunately, Liang was also to go to the famous academy, where they both enrolled as students. Liang and Zhu studied in the same room and lived under the same roof. They treated each other like brothers. They had three years of merry life before Zhu received a letter from her father one day. She had to go back home, for she was told in the letter her father’s got ill riously. But this was a shell game for her.
Zhu tried to show her tenderness and love by all kinds of ways to Liang during he was eing her off for a复兴高级中学吧
distance as long as 18 li (Chine unit of distance, a very long way). But Liang was too dull to realize anything, as he had never doubted that Zhu is a boy. This is one of the most vivid descriptio n of the
story, known as ”18 li eing off” to Chine people. Arriving at home, Zhu found her father was not ill at all. He had engaged her to a son of a rich family. This time Zhu’s objections became pale and helpless. When Liang became aware of Zhu, actually, was a girl and he had been fallen in love with her so deeply, he was filled with grief and regret, and then died after months, with a final request of burying him at the foot of Qingdao Mountain
Zhu decided to marry the man she’d never known abou t, for she had to obey his father and the feudalism. When her bridal procession pasd by Qingdao Mountain on its way to the bridegroom’s hou, there was a sudden tornado, and they were forced to stop. Zhu stepped down her bridal dan chair and wept bitterly in front of Liang’s grave. Suddenly the grave split, she stepped into it. Then it became shinning and peace. Two exquisite butterflies were dancing above the grave. People saw them flying off into the distance, never part from each other.
As the story of Romeo and Juliet is known throughout western countries both to the old and young, a fairy tale of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Y ingtai, also a story of tragic love, was handed down through generations in China. The story of Liang-Zhu is still considered as the best illustrations of true love by Chine people. Nowadays, among various expressions of this classic story, the most popular art form may be the violin concerto ”Liang-Zhu”, compod by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang in 1950s, w
hich is also deemed to be one of the most successful music accomplishments in Chine modern history.
Like most myths, this story has more than one version. And nobody knows when did it take place exactly. But, never had this prevented wonderful stories from spreading widely. Now, even some foreigners have become interested in the story of ”Oriental Romeo and Juliet”.
