§571.111 Standard No. 111; Rear visibility.
第111号标准:后视镜
S1. Scope. This standard specifies requirements for rear visibility devices and systems.
范围:本标准详细说明了对后视镜装置和系统的要求。
S2. Purpo. The purpo of this standard is to reduce the number of deaths and injuries that occur when the driver of a motor vehicle does not have a clear and reasonably unobstructed view to the rear. 目的:本标准的目的是当机动车辆驾驶员在不清楚以及不能无障碍地观察到后方情况时减少伤亡事故的发生次数。
prent怎么读S3. Application. This standard applies to pasnger cars, multipurpo pasnger vehicles, trucks, bus, school bus, motorcycles and low-speed vehicles.
应用:本标准适用于轿车、多用途乘用车、货车、公交车、校车、摩托车和低速车辆。
S4. Definitions.定义:
hard是什么意思
Backing event means an amount of time which starts when the vehicle's direction lector is placed in rever, and ends at the manufacturer's choosing, when the vehicle forward motion reaches:
倒车事件是指从将车辆换挡选择器置于倒车档开始至车辆达到以下正向前进状态结束之间的时间:
(a) a speed of 10 mph,
10 mph的车速;
(b) a distance of 10 meters traveled, or
行驶10米的距离;
(c) a continuous duration of 10 conds.
连续行驶10秒。
Convex mirror means a mirror having a curved reflective surface who shape is the same as that of the exterior surface of a ction of a sphere.
凸面镜是一个有弯曲反射面的镜子。它的形状与球体的外部曲面相同。
Effective mirror surface means the portions of a mirror that reflect images, excluding the mirror rim or mounting brackets.
有效镜面指的是镜子反射图像的部分,不包括镜子的边缘和安装框架。
Environmental test fixture means a device designed to support the external components of the rear visibility system for testing purpos, using any factory al which would be ud during normal vehicle operation, in a manner that simulates the on-vehicle component orientation during normal vehicle operation, and prevents the exposure of any test conditions to portions of the external component which are not expod to the outside of the motor vehicle.
环境测试装置是指涉及用于支持后视镜外部组件的测试装置,使用车辆正常操作中用到的工厂密封,模拟正常车辆操作中的车载组件定向,避免未暴露在机动车外面的外部组件部分接触到测试条件。
External component means any part of the rear visibility system which is expod to the outside of the motor vehicle.
外部组件是指暴露在机动车外面的后视镜部分。
Key means a physical device or an electronic code which, when inrted into the starting system (by
physical or electronic means), enables the vehicle operator to activate the engine or motor.
钥匙是指真实钥匙或电子编码,(通过物理或电子方法)插入到启动系统时,可以让车辆驾驶员启动发动机或电机。
Limited line manufacturer means a manufacturer that lls three or fewer carlines, as that term is defined in 49 CFR 583.4, in the United States during a production year, as that term is defined in S15.
有限车系制造商是指任意生产年份在美国销售三种或以下车系的制造商,车系定义见49 CFR 583.4,生产年份定义见S15。
Rearview image means a visual image, detected by means of a single source, of the area directly behind a vehicle that is provided in a single location to the vehicle operator and by means of indirect vision.
后视镜图像是指通过单一来源探测到的车辆正后方区域的图像,通过间接视野反映在车辆驾驶员的某一位置。
Rear visibility system means the t of devices or components which together perform the function o
f producing the rearview image as required under this standard.
后视镜系统是指本标准中共同形成后视镜图像所需的装置或组件。
Small manufacturer means an original vehicle manufacturer that produces or asmbles fewer than 5,000 vehicles annually for sale in the United States.
小型制造商是指在美国每年生产或组装5,000台以下车辆的原车辆制造商。
Starting system means the vehicle system ud in conjunction with the key to activate the engine or motor.
起动系统是指与钥匙一起启动发动机或电机的车辆系统。
Unit magnification mirror means a plane or flat mirror with a reflective surface through which the angular height and width of the image of an object is equal to the angular height and width of the object when viewed directly at the same distance except for flaws that do not exceed normal manufacturing tolerances. For the purpos of this regulation a prismatic day-night adjustment rearview mirror one of who positions provides unit magnification is considered a unit magnification mirror.
单位放大镜是一块平面镜,如果它没有超过制造公差,它的反射平面得到的物象的高低角和宽度角与在相同距离上的实物的高低角和宽度角相同。用棱镜制成的后视镜可以进行昼夜调整,如果调整它的位置,就可以得到单位放大的效果,因此它符合这种要求,我们将其看作是一块单位放大镜。
S5. Requirements for pasnger cars.
对轿车的要求:
S5.1 Inside rearview mirror. Each pasnger car shall have an inside rearview mirror of unit magnification.
内置后视镜:轿车必须安装能实现单位放大的后视镜。
S5.1.1 Field of view. Except as provided in S5.3, the mirror shall provide a field of view with an included horizontal angle measured from the projected eye point of at least 20 degrees, and a sufficient vertical angle to provide a view of a level road surface extending to the horizon beginning at a point not greater than 61 m to the rear of the vehicle when the vehicle is occupied by the driver and four pasngers or the designated occupant capacity, if less, bad on an average occupant weight of 68 kg. The line of sight may be partially obscured by ated occupants or by head restraint
beef是什么意思s. The location of the driver's eye reference points shall be tho established in Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 104 (§571.104) or a nominal location appropriate for any 95th percentile male driver.
视野:除了应该满足S5.3所列出的规定之外,后视镜应该提供一个包含足够的水平角和垂直角的视界。以设计点为基准,水平角至少20度。这样的视野在车内乘有四名乘客一名司机或者载重68千克的时候,应该能够包含车辆后面水平路面61米内的景物。后视镜的部分视野可能会被乘客或者乘客的头枕所阻挡。驾驶员的目视参考点的位置应该是机动车辆安全标准中第104条(§571.104)所规定的,或者是适于百分之九十五的男性驾驶员的标准参考点。
S5.1.2 Mounting. The mirror mounting shall provide a stable support for the mirror, and shall provide for mirror adjustment by tilting in both the horizontal and vertical directions. If the mirror is in the head impact area, the mounting shall deflect, collap or break away without leaving sharp edges when the reflective surface of the mirror is subjected to a force of 400 N in any forward direction that is not more than 45° from the forward longitudinal direction.
安装:后视镜应该安装在牢固的支架上,同时要允许镜子做水平和垂直的调整。如果后视镜安装在了头部撞击区,当400牛的力从其前方径向角度大于45度的方向作用在其反射表面上的时候,后视镜会倾斜、歪道或损坏。
S5.2 Outside rearview mirror—driver's side.
外部后视镜—驾驶员一侧
S5.2.1 Field of view. Each pasnger car shall have an outside mirror of unit magnification. The mirror shall provide the driver a view of a level road surface extending to the horizon from a line, perpendicular to a longitudinal plane tangent to the driver's side of the vehicle at the widest point, extending 2.4 m out from the tangent plane 10.7 m behind the driver's eyes, with the at in the rearmost position. The line of sight may be partially obscured by rear body or fender contours. The location of the
driver's eye reference points shall be tho established in Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 104 (§571.104) or a nominal location appropriate for any 95th percentile male driver.
视野:轿车要安装外部单位放大后视镜。后视镜要能为驾驶员提供从水平路面表面到地平线的视野。后视镜提供的视野方向垂直于驾驶员一侧车辆的最宽处径向切平面,视野包含驾驶员身后切平面左右2.4米到10.7米的区域,同时将最后边的座椅包含在视野内。驾驶员的实现可能会被车体的后部或挡板的轮廓挡住。驾驶员的目视参考点的位置应该是机动车辆安全标准中第104条(§571.104)所规定的,或者是适于百分之九十五的男性驾驶员的标准参考点
S5.2.2 Mounting. The mirror mounting shall provide a stable support for the mirror, and neither the mirror nor the mounting shall protrude farther than the widest part of the vehicle body except to the extent necessary to produce a field of view meeting or exceeding the requirements of S5.2.1. The mirror shall not be obscured by the unwiped portion of the windshield, and shall be adjustable by tilting in both horizontal and vertical directions from the driver's ated position. The mirror and mounting shall be free of sharp points or edges that could contribute to pedestrian injury.
安装:后视镜应该安装在牢固的支架上。后视镜和安装支撑突出车体的尺寸不得超过车体的最宽处的尺寸。如果需要获得S5.2.1所规定的视野,或者要获得比之更广阔的视野,可以酌情调整。后视镜不能被挡风玻璃的未擦部分挡住,同时要允许驾驶员在其座位上将镜子做水平和垂直的调整。镜子和安装部件要避免有尖锐的点和边,这样可避免伤到行人。
S5.3 Outside rearview mirror pasnger's side. Each pasnger car who inside rearview mirror does not meet the field of view requirements of S5.1.1 shall have an outside mirror of unit magnification or a convex mirror installed on the pasnger's side. The mirror mounting shall provide a stable support and be free of sharp points or edges that could contribute to pedestrian injury. The mirror need not be adjustable from the driver's at but shall be capable of adjustment by tilting in both horizontal and vertical directions.初二几何
外部后视镜-乘客一侧:如果轿车的内部后视镜没有达到S5.1.1所规定的视野要求,那么就有必要在乘客一侧安装一个单位放大后视镜,或者一个凸面镜。所安装的镜子要装在稳固的支架上,同时不要有尖锐的点和边,这样可以避免伤害到行人。这块后视镜不要求驾驶员在其位置上进行调整,但必须保证它能够在水平方向和垂直方向上进行倾斜以方便调整。
S5.4 Convex mirror requirements. Each motor vehicle using a convex mirror to meet the requirements of S5.3 shall comply with the following requirements:
凸面镜要求:轿车需要安装凸面镜来满足S5.3的要求,这就必须遵从如下规定:
S5.4.1 When each convex mirror is tested in accordance with the procedures specified in S12. of this standard, none of the radii of curvature readings shall deviate from the average radius of curvature by more than plus or minus 12.5 percent.
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当凸面镜按照本标准S12进行测试的时候,凸面半径与平均曲面半径的偏差不得大于正负百分之十二点五(±12.5%)。
S5.4.2 Each convex mirror shall have permanently and indelibly marked at the lower edge of the mirror's reflective surface, in letters not less than 4.8 mm nor more than 6.4 mm high the words “Objects in Mirror Are Clor Than They Appear.”
凸面镜反射面的下边缘应该用大于4.8mm小于6.4mm的字体标明“境中呈现的物体要比它看上去的离你更近”。
S5.4.3 The average radius of curvature of each such mirror, as determined by using the procedure in S12., shall be not less than 889 mm and not more than 1,651 mm.
根据S12的规定,每块凸面镜的平均曲面半径应该大于889mm并小于1651mm。
S5.5 Rear visibility.
后视镜
(a) Pha-in period requirements. For pasnger cars with a GVWR of 4,536 kg or less manufactured on or after May 1, 2016, but not later than April 30, 2018, a percentage of each manufacturer's production, as specified in S15, shall display a rearview image meeting the requirements of S5.5.1.
popularcategories逐步采用阶段的要求:在2016年5月1日之后2018年4月30日之前生产的额定车辆总重(GVWR)小于等于4,536 kg的轿车,根据S15的规定,每个制造商生产的车辆比例应显示符合S5.5.1要求的后视镜图像。
(b) Final requirements. Each pasnger car with a GVWR of 4,536 kg or less manufactured on or after May 1, 2018, shall display a rearview image meeting the requirements of S5.5.1 through S5.5.7.
最终要求:2018年5月1日当日或之后生产的额定车辆总重小于等于4,536 kg的轿车应显示符合S5.5.1至S5.5.7要求的后视镜图像。
S5.5.1 Field of view. When tested in accordance with the procedures in S14.1, the rearview image shall include:
视野:根据S14.1进行测试时,后视镜图像应包括:
(a) A minimum of a 150-mm wide portion along the circumference of each test object located at positions F and G specified in S14.1.4; and
S14.1.4中指定F和G位置处各测试物周围至少150-mm宽的部分;
(b) The full width and height of each test object located at positions A through E specified in S14.1.4.
S14.1.4中指定A至E位置处各测试物的全宽和全高。
S5.5.2 Size. When the rearview image is measured in accordance with the procedures in S14.1, the calculated visual angle subtended by the horizontal width of
大小:根据S14.1测量后视镜图像时,以下水平宽度所对的计算视角
(a) All three test objects located at positions A, B, and C specified in S14.1.4 shall average not less than 5 minutes of arc; and
S14.1.4中规定的A、B和C位置处的全部三个测试物的视角平均应不小于5弧分;
(b) Each individual test object (A, B, and C) shall not be less than 3 minutes of arc.
每个单独测试物(A、B和C)的视角应不小于3弧分。
S5.5.3 Respon time. The rearview image meeting the requirements of S5.5.1 and S5.5.2, when tested in accordance with S14.2, shall be displayed within 2.0 conds of the start of a backing event.
响应时间:根据S14.2进行测试时,符合S5.5.1和S5.5.2要求的后视镜图像应在倒车事件开始后2.0秒钟内显示。
S5.5.4 Linger time. The rearview image meeting the requirements of S5.5.1 and S5.5.2 shall not be displayed after the backing event has ended.
ta是什么意思消失时间:符合S5.5.1和S5.5.2要求的后视镜图像应在倒车事件结束后结束显示。
S5.5.5 Deactivation. The rearview image meeting the requirements of S5.5.1 and S5.5.2 shall remain visible during the backing event until either, the driver modifies the view, or the vehicle direction lector is removed from the rever position.
停滞:符合S5.5.1和S5.5.2要求的后视镜图像应在倒车事件过程中可见,直至驾驶员调整视野或车辆换挡选择器离开倒档位置。
S5.5.6 Default view. The rear visibility system must default to the rearview image meeting the requirements of S5.5.1 and S5.5.2 at the beginning of each backing event regardless of any modifications to the field of view the driver has previously lected.
默认图像:后视镜系统在每次倒车事件开始时必须默认符合S5.5.1和S5.5.2要求的后视镜图像,不论驾驶员先前已经选择对视野做任何调整。
vuvuzelaS5.5.7 Durability. The rear visibility system shall meet the field of view and image size requirements
of S5.5.1 and S5.5.2 after each durability test specified in S14.3.1, S14.3.2, and S14.3.3. 耐久性:后视镜系统在经过S14.3.1、S14.3.2和S14.3.3中规定的各耐久性试验后,应符合S5.5.1和S5.5.2中的视野和图像尺寸要求。
S6. Requirements for multipurpo pasnger vehicles, low-speed vehicles, trucks, bus, and school bus with GVWR of 4,536 kg or less.
对额定车辆总重小于等于4536kg的多用途乘用车、低速车辆、货车、公交车和校车的要求:
S6.1 Each multipurpo pasnger vehicle, truck and bus, other than a school bus, with a GVWR of 4,536 kg or less shall have either—
额定总重量小于等于4536 kg的多用途乘用车、货车和公交车(非校车)应该满足下列其中一项要求:
(a) Mirrors that conform to the requirements of S5.; or
后视镜符合S5的要求;或者
(b) Outside mirrors of unit magnification, each with not less than 126 cm2 of reflective surface, install
ed with stable supports on both sides of the vehicle, located so as to provide the driver a view to the rear along both sides of the vehicle, and adjustable in both the horizontal and vertical directions to view the rearward scene.
快速记忆法加盟每个外部单位放大后视镜的反射表面应大于等于126 cm2 ,安装在车辆两侧的牢固支架上,后视镜的位置应可以让驾驶员观察到车辆两侧后方的情况,并且可在水平方向和垂直方向进行调节,便于观察车后的景物。
S6.2 Rear visibility.
后视镜
(a) Pha-in period requirements. For multipurpo pasnger vehicles, low-speed vehicles, trucks, bus, and school bus with a GVWR of 4,536 kg or less manufactured on or after May 1, 2016, but not later than April 30, 2018, a percentage of each manufacturer's production, as specified in S15, shall display a rearview image meeting the requirements of S6.2.1.
逐步采用阶段的要求:在2016年5月1日之后2018年4月30日之前生产的额定车辆总重(GVWR)小于等于4,536 kg的多用途乘用车、低速车辆、货车、公交车和校车,根据S15的规定,每个制造商生产的车辆比例应显示符合S6.2.1要求的后视镜图像。
(b) Final requirements. Each multipurpo pasnger vehicle, low-speed vehicle, truck, bus, and school bus with a GVWR of 4,536 kg or less manufactured on or after May 1, 2018, shall display a rearview image meeting the requirements of S6.2.1 through S6.2.7.
最终要求:2018年5月1日当日或之后生产的额定车辆总重小于等于4,536 kg的多用途乘用车、低速车辆、货车、公交车和校车,都应显示符合S6.2.1至S6.2.7要求的后视镜图像。
S6.2.1 Field of view. When tested in accordance with the procedures in S14.1, the rearview image shall include:
视野:根据S14.1进行测试时,后视镜图像应包括:
(a) A minimum of a 150-mm wide portion along the circumference of each test object located at positions F and G specified in S14.1.4; andabnt minded
S14.1.4中指定F和G位置处各测试物周围至少150-mm宽的部分;
(b) The full width and height of each test object located at positions A through E specified in S14.1.4.
S14.1.4中指定A至E位置处各测试物的全宽和全高。
S6.2.2 Size. When the rearview image is measured in accordance with the procedures in S14.1, the calculated visual angle subtended by the horizontal width of
大小:根据S14.1测量后视镜图像时,以下水平宽度所对的计算视角
(a) All three test objects located at positions A, B, and C specified in S14.1.4 shall average not less than 5 minutes of arc; and
S14.1.4中规定的A、B和C位置处的全部三个测试物的视角平均应不小于5弧分;
(b) Each individual test object (A, B, and C) shall not be less than 3 minutes of arc.
每个单独测试物(A、B和C)的视角应不小于3弧分。
S6.2.3 Respon time. The rearview image meeting the requirements of S6.2.1 and S6.2.2, when tested in accordance with S14.2, shall be displayed within 2.0 conds of the start of a backing event.
响应时间:根据S14.2进行测试时,符合S6.2.1和S6.2.2要求的后视镜图像应在倒车事件开始后2.0秒钟内显示。
S6.2.4 Linger time. The rearview image meeting the requirements of S6.2.1 and S6.2.2 shall not be displayed after the backing event has ended.
消失时间:符合S6.2.1和S6.2.2要求的后视镜图像应在倒车事件结束后结束显示。
S6.2.5 Deactivation. The rearview image meeting the requirements of S6.2.1 and S6.2.2 shall remain visible during the backing event until either, the driver modifies the view, or the vehicle direction lector is removed from the rever position.
停滞:符合S6.2.1和S6.2.2要求的后视镜图像应在倒车事件过程中可见,直至驾驶员调整视野或车辆换挡选择器离开倒档位置。
S6.2.6 Default view. The rear visibility system must default to the rearview image meeting the requirements of S6.2.1 and S6.2.2 at the beginning of each backing event regardless of any modifications to the field of view the driver has previously lected.
默认图像:不论驾驶员先前已经选择对视野做任何调整,后视镜系统在每次倒车事件开始时必须默认符合S6.2.1和S6.2.2要求的后视镜图像。
S6.2.7 Durability. The rear visibility system shall meet the field of view and image size requirements
of S6.2.1 and S6.2.2 after each durability test specified in S14.3.1, S14.3.2, and S14.3.3. 耐久性:后视镜系统在经过S14.3.1、S14.3.2和S14.3.3中规定的各耐久性试验后,应符合S6.2.1和S6.2.2中的视野和图像尺寸要求。
S7. Requirements for multipurpo pasnger vehicles and trucks with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kg and less than 11,340 kg and bus, other than school bus, with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kg.
对额定车辆总重在4,536 kg至11,340 kg之间的多用途乘用车和货车,以及额定车辆总重大于4,536 kg 的公交车(非校车)的要求
S7.1 Each multipurpo pasnger vehicle and truck with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kg and less than 11,340 kg and each bus, other than a school bus, with a GVWR of more than 4,536 kg shall have outside mirrors of unit magnification, each with not less than 323 cm2 of reflective surface, installed with stable supports on both sides of the vehicle. The mirrors shall be located so as to provide the driver a view to the rear along both sides of the vehicle and shall be adjustable both in the horizontal and vertical directions to view the rearward scene.
额定车辆总重在4,536 kg至11,340 kg之间的多用途乘用车和货车,以及额定车辆总重大于4,536 kg的
公交车(非校车)应安装外部单位放大后视镜,后视镜的反射表面应大于等于 323 cm2,安装在车辆两侧的牢固支架上。后视镜的位置应可以让驾驶员观察到车辆两侧后方的情况,并且可在水平方向和垂直方向进行调节,便于观察车后的景物。
S8. Requirements for multipurpo pasnger vehicles and trucks with a GVWR of 11,340 kg or more.
对额定车辆总重大于等于11,340 kg的多用途乘用车和货车的要求
S8.1 Each multipurpo pasnger vehicle and truck with a GVWR of 11,340 kg or more shall have outside mirrors of unit magnification, each with not less than 323 cm2 of reflective surface, installed with stable supports on both sides of the vehicle. The mirrors shall be located so as to provide the driver a view to the rear along both sides of the vehicle and shall be adjustable both in the horizontal and vertical directions to view the rearward scene.
额定车辆总重大于等于11,340 kg的多用途乘用车和货车,应安装外部单位放大后视镜,后视镜的反射表面应大于等于 323 cm2,安装在车辆两侧的牢固支架上。后视镜的位置应可以让驾驶员观察到车辆两侧后方的情况,并且可在水平方向和垂直方向进行调节,便于观察车后的景物。
S9. Requirements for School Bus. When a school bus is tested in accordance with the procedures of S13, it shall meet the requirements of S9.1 through S9.4.
对校车的要求:根据S13对校车进行测试时,应符合S9.1至S9.4的要求。
S9.1 Outside Rearview Mirrors. Each school bus shall have two outside rearview mirror systems: System A and System B.
外部后视镜:校车应安装两个外部后视镜系统:系统A和系统B。
S9.2 System A shall be located with stable supports so that the portion of the system on the bus's left side, and the portion on its right side, each:
系统A的一部分应使用牢固的支架安装在公交车的左侧,另一部分安装在公交车的右侧。各部分都应满足以下要求:
(a) Includes at least one mirror of unit magnification with not less than 323 cm2 of reflective surface; and
至少有一个反射面积大于等于323 cm2的单位放大镜;
(b) Includes one or more mirrors which together provide, at the driver's eye location, a view of:
在驾驶员眼睛的位置至少提供有一面后视镜:
(1) For the mirror system on the right side of the bus, the entire top surface of cylinder N in Figure 2, and that area of the ground which extends rearward from cylinder N to a point not less than 61 meters