unit 8
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished ntences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choo the best answer to each question.
Questions 1 to 5 are bad on the same passage or dialog. Manners evolved differently in different cultures. In earlier times there was a tendency for manners to become increasingly formal, and this was often viewed as progress. In the 18th and 19th centuries having good manners was en as an important part of one's education and social class, and it was necessary to be taken as a lady or a gentleman to get ahead in the world.
In the 20th and 21st centuries, manners have gradually become more relaxed and informal. The hosting of dinners and other social gatherings are no longer the exclusive privilege of the wealthy elite (精英), and private clubs are being gradually replaced by more open meeting places. So the manners of the salon (沙龙) are gradually combining with the manners of the pub. Clothing is a good indication of the changes in manners, as can be en in the following examples.
It is surprising that the wearing of hats indoors by males is once again becoming acceptable. Students in North America often wear baball caps to class. In many countries the wearing of hats indoors by males was once acceptable even in very polite society, but over the years this became considered as a lower-class behavior and was thus discouraged in both the middle and upper class. The young people who wear hats indoors do not realize they are actually restarting a very old cultural tradition.
A comparable development for females is the wearing of jeans. Many females now wear jeans on a daily basis, either at home or at work. Some e this as a symbolic declaration that they are now modern women, not girls or ladies. Some girls, like boys, wear baball caps both indoors and outdoors.
Sneakers and shorts are now acceptable for either males or females in a variety of non-athletic situations. Some companies have rules requiring informal dress such as jeans or sneakers on Fridays (called "dress-down Friday" or "casual Friday"), and others permit it almost all the time. In
the companies, and many others, it is acceptable to call the boss by their first names.
1.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Changes of manners over time.
B. Formal manners in the earlier times.
松鼠的英文C. Different manners in different cultures.
D. Development of manners in different class.
2.In the 20th and 21st centuries, _________.
A. manners are not as formal as in the past
B. manners in a pub are getting more and more formal
C. proper clothing is a good indication of good manners
运动员代表发言稿D. rich people no longer behave formally in social gatherings
3.According to the passage, "the manners of the salon" in paragraph
人教网站2 most likely refers to __________.
A. Formal manners of drinking.
B. Informal manners of drinking.
C. Formal manners at social gatherings.
D. Informal manners at social gatherings.北岛 回答
4.According to the passage, nowadays wearing a hat indoors can
actually be viewed as _________.
A. a revolution
B. social progress
C. a worning situation
D. a return to the old tradition
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5.According to the author, today wearing hats indoors, and wearing
jeans at work mainly indicate that _________.
A. women are no longer inferior to men
B. people no longer pay attention to dressing details
C. people are getting more relaxed in terms of manners
D. some companies have lower requirements for their employees
Questions 6 to 10 are bad on the same passage or dialog.
Between the 1950s and the early 1980s, the evolving role of Japane women had been most obvious in their attitudes toward marriage and the family system. There had been a trend away from arranged marriages. Many young women admitted that they took paid employment mostly in order to find a husband on their own. In spite of this and other influences a 1982 figure showed that almost 40 percent of marriages were still arranged. This figure was, however, half the size of a 1955 survey which showed that almost 81 percent of marriages
were arranged. Once married, many women in the early 1980s continued to work, and increasingly they returned to work after childbirth, something which was hard to imagine a generation before. A woman's role in the family was evolving as well, becoming more and more dominant.
Women had sought more personal satisfaction from their lives since 1950s. In the beginning of the1980s, during their lives before marriage women made up an almost free-wheeling (随心所欲) part of Japane society. A survey of new brides reported that only 12 percent expected their marriage to be happy. At that time, Japane still regarded marriage not as the peak of a romance but as a duty that was primarily social and practical in significance. As a result, Japane women too
k full advantage of their years before marriage. Most women remained at home while working, living with their family in a sort of extended dependency. Japane women, however, must be careful to maintain themlves within acceptable social standards, one woman being told, "If you act like that, you will not be wanted as a bride."
Once married a Japane women found herlf in a role opposite of the perceived x roles in Japan – the female was dominant in the hou. The relationship between the partners of a Japane marriage clearly showed the evolving role of women. It must be remembered that a short one hundred years ago the attitude toward women was that "In everything she must obey her husband". By the early 1980s the role of women had changed: A Japane woman had almost unquestioned power within the family system of today's Japan.
6.What is the passage mainly about?
A. Changes in the role of Japane women.
B. Changes in the styles of Japane marriages.
C. Japane women's struggle for independence.
D. Japane women's incread power in their families.
7.What did the author say about Japane women before the 1950s?
A. Many women continued to work after marriage.
B. A majority of women had their marriages arranged.
C. Only less than half of women had arranged marriages.
D. Many women went to work in order to find a husband.
8.What was marriage in many Japane people's eyes in the earlydeadline是什么意思
1980s?
A. It was the end of their romance.
B. It was the beginning of a happy life.
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C. It was a social responsibility one has to fulfill.
D. It was the highest point of their romantic relationship.
9.Which of the following was the main cau for most Japane
women in the early 1980s to take full advantage of their years
before marriage?
A. They believed they would no longer have a happy life after
B. They knew they could not be as dominant as before after getting
C. They should not go beyond acceptable social standards after
D. They would no longer have time to work after marriage.
10."The perceived x roles" in the last paragraph most probably
refers to the fact that the wife_________.
A. had to obey the husband in the family
B. had to support the husband and his family
C. could make decisions on everything in the family
D. could question some of the husbands' decisions
Questions 11 to 15 are bad on the same passage or dialog.
Leadership is the ability of a person to guide people in a group toward achieving a task at hand. I believe that leaders are made; they are not born and a person can always be a good leader if he makes full u of the following list of leadership strengths.
Firstly, task execution (实施) is one of the most important leadership strengths. Coming up with a brilliant idea and executing that idea are two completely different things. Bringing an idea to life is a lot easier said than done. An idea really comes to life only when it is executed to perfection. For this, you need to be a team player. There is a fine line between having followers that follow you out of respect and having followers that follow you becau they have no choice. Any kind of disagreement in the team will affect the end result and the efficiency of performing the task.
Secondly, before you go on to put any kind of strategy into place, you need to understand and envision what you wish to achieve. This is important becau the expectations of the entire group will ride on your shoulders. Thus, one of the important leadership strengths is to have a very clear vision about how to go about a task at hand, keeping the long-term and short-term goals and conquences in mind. You need to be practical yet optimistic about the possibilities involved in any task and must take into consideration all the risks involved.
Thirdly, being the leader does not mean that you own the people you
work with. Many people tend to get carried away and do not listen to
their team members. This can go against them as the team members
then tend to lo respect for their leader. You need to genuinely listen
to your team members becau they are the only ones that will tell you
if you go wrong at any point of time. Furthermore, listening will make
sure that you connect with your team members on a personal level,
which will improve the performance of your team greatly.
11.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as one of
the leadership strengths?
A. Lending an ear to team members.
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B. Performing a task in a perfect way.
C. Accepting mistakes with good grace.
D. Planning for the future with a clear goal.
12.According to Paragraph 2, a good leader should ___________.
A. lead his followers with absolute authority
B. make his followers follow him out of respect
C. be able to find out who is a true follower in the team
D. focus on creating new ideas instead of executing them
13.What does "envision" most probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A. To remain optimistic about future results.
B. To focus all his attention on long-term goals.
C. To meet the expectations of the entire team members.
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D. To forecast the possible achievements and conquences.
14.Which of the following should be avoided as a good leader?
功夫熊猫展A. Holding a realistic attitude.
B. Considering short-term goals.
C. Thinking about the bad results of a plan.
D. Ignoring disagreement from his team members.
15.What is the author's attitude about becoming a good leader?
A. You can be a good leader if you have talents.
B. You can be a good leader if you have a good team.
C. You can be a good leader if you acquire the esntial skills.
D. You can be a good leader as long as you are determined to be
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