Morphemes:ume is a minimal meaning units of a language， and a smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.
Morphes： are discrete units which realize abstract morphemes in speech。 Morphs are actual spoken minimal carriers of meaning.
Monomorphemic：
Free morphemes: is one stand alone as a word.
Bound morphemes: be function together with root of word。 The morphemes cannot occur as parate words.
Affixes: forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function.
1)inflectional： are affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships.
2)derivational: are affixes added to other morphemes to create new word.
2.1prefixes:e blocks is a formation by adding prefixes to stems. Their chief function is to change meaning of the stems。
2。2suffixes： is the formation by adding suffixes to stems. Their primary function being 亚洲十大旅游城市to change the grammatical function of stems。
Stem： a part of a word to which affixes of any kind can be added。
Root: is a basic forms of a word which cannot be further analy without total loss of identity。
Bound root:is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning.
Creation： refer to the formation of new words by using the existing material， namely roots, affixes and other elements。
Affixation（词缀法): as the formation of words by means of adding affixes to stems.
Compounding/composition（复合法)： is the formation of words by joining two or more
stemsemphasize into one word。(joining stem）
Conversion/zero-derivation（转换法)： is the formation of new words by coverting words of one class to another class.（coverting words class）
Blending（拼缀法）： a formation by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word。一己之私（combining parts of two words
宝贝英语
Actonymy/ initialisms（首字母缩写）： a formation by joining the initial letters of names of phras。(joining the initial letter
Back-formation（逆词法）： a formation by removing the suppod suffixes.
Clipping（截断法）: a formation by cutting a part of the origin， and using remains instead.
By u frequency
Basic words:
1）All national character;2）Stability；3)Productivity；4）Polymy;5)Collocability。
Non-basic words: Terminology（术语） particular field （2)Jargon（行话）:the language ud for a particular activity or by a particular group of people （3)slang（俚语）（4)Argot（暗语）totalamountparticular group of people (5）Dialectal words(方言) particular area（6） Archaisms（古语）an archaic word or expression (7) Neologisms（新词语）a new word and expression or new meaning of a word
By notion
Content words: denote clear notions.
Functional words: do not have notions of their own, express the relation between notions, words and ntences.
By origin
Native words: are tho of Anglo-Saxon origin, which are small in number。
Borrowed words： is take over from foreign languages.brazuca
Reference: it is the relationship between language and the world.
Concept： it is the result of human cognition， reflecting the objective world in the human mind。
Sen： it denotes the relationships inside the language。
Motivation： means which words acquire their meanings 。the relationship between the linguistic symbol/structure of word/form and its meaning.
1)Onomatopoeic拟声理据： words who sounds suggest their meaning， creates by imitating the natural sounds or nois associable .
2)morphological形态理据: words who meaning derive from the total sum of the morphemes involved。
3)mantic语义理据：（words who figurative n derives from its literal n throu
gh）refer to the mental association suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.
4)etymological词源理据： words who meaning are related directly to the origin。
Lexical meaning:
1)conceptual： form the core of word meaning。 It is the denotative in that it concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it denotes ， or refers to。 the meaning given in the dictionary
2)associative： condary meaning supplements to the conceptual meaning。
connotative: the overtone or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning。
stylistic: that a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its u。
affective: that indicates the speaker官僚资本’s attitude.
collocative: that suggested by the association in its collocation.
Primary meaning： is the only meaning that a word when it was fist created。
Derived meaning: are the meaning that a word get from primary meaning。 At different stages of its development in the cour of time。
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