专题7阅读理解IV：篇章结构
（测试时间：45分钟）
1.【2020届山东省淄博市高三下学期一模】
The production of coffee beans is a huge,profitable business,but,unfortunately,full-sun pro duction is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coff ee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds,and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.
On a local level,the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种)t hat depend on the trees’flowers and fruits.Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result,many species are quickly dying out.
On a more global level,the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threat ens(威胁)human life.Medical rearch often makes u of the forests’plant and animal life,an d the destruction of such species could prevent rearchers from finding cures for certain dia s.In additi
on,new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally,and eventually the world’s groundwater.
Both locally and globally,the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations(种植园)could m ean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world’s climate,and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to ai r pollution and global warming.Moreover,the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的)soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life,from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purcha shade-grown coffee whenever possible,although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
15.什么是预科
Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
B
D
【答案】15.A
【文章大意】随着现代科技的发展，树荫下种植的咖啡产量越来越少，取而代之的是受到阳光暴晒的咖啡。这种生产咖啡的方式影响了人们生活的方方面面，破坏了当地的生态环境，影响了全球的生态平衡。
【推理关系】题干Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?☞文章内容本文的第一段提出观点，其后的第二、三、四段分别从不同角度进行具体论证，最后一段是总结段。因此本文是“总——分——总”结构。
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【答案】本文的第一段提出观点，其后的第二、三、四段分别从不同角度进行具体论证，最后一段是总结段。因此本文是“总——分——总”结构。☞A选项
2.D【2018北京西城区高三一模】
Ownership ud to be about as straightforward as writing a cheque.If you bought something,you owned it.If it broke,you fixed it.If you no longer wanted it,you sold it or threw it away.In the digital age,however,ownership has become more slippery.Since the coming of smartphones,consumers have been forced to accept that they do not control the software in their devices;they are only licend to u it.As a digital chain is wrapped ever more tightly around more devices,such as cars and thermostats,who owns and who controls which objects is becoming a
problem.Buyers should be aware that some of their most basic property rights are under threat.
The trend is not always harmful.Manufacturers eking to restrict what owners do with increasingly complex technology have good reasons to protect their copyright,ensure that their machines do not break down,support environmental standards and prevent hacking.Sometimes companies u their control over a product’s software for the owners’benefit.When Hurricane Irma hit Florida this month,Tesla remotely updated the software controlling the batteries of some models to give owners more range to escape the storm.
But the more digital strings are attached to goods,the more the balance of control leans towards pro
ducers and away from owners.That can be inconvenient.Picking a car is hard enough,but harder still if you have to dig up the instructions that tell you how u is limited and what data you must give.If the products are intentionally designed not to last long,it can also be expensive.Already,items from smartphones to washing machines have become extremely hard to fix,meaning that they are thrown away instead of being repaired.
Privacy is also at risk.Urs become terrified when iRobot,a robotic vacuum cleaner,not only cleans the floor but also creates a digital map of the inside of a home that can then be sold to advertirs(though the manufacturer says it has no intention of doing so).Cas like this should remind people how jealously they ought to protect their property rights and control who us the data that is collected.
什么是ico
Ownership is not about to go away,but its meaning is changing.This requires careful inspection.Devices,by and large,are sold on the basis that they enable people to do what they want.To the extent they are controlled by somebody el,that freedom is compromid.
47.What benefit does it bring to customers if companies control the ownership of products?
A.It provides them with knowledge to prevent hacking.
B.It gives them the chance to be protected from danger.
C.It enables them to own the copyright of the products.
D.It helps them know more about complex technology.
48.The underlined words“that freedom”in the last paragraph refer to the freedom to_____.
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psycholinguistics
B.share the ownership
可可英语C.inspect devices at any time
D.u devices as one wishes
49.The author may agree_____.
A.customers should buy fewer digital devices
B.producers should control property rights
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C.property rights need to be protected
D.better after sales rvice is required
50.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?简介翻译
I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】47.B48.D49.C50.A
【解析】所有权过去就像写支票一样简单。本文就“所有权”进行了论述。所有权不会消失，但它的意义正在改变。
47.B
细节理解题。根据第二段中Sometimes companies u their control over a product’s software for the owners’benefit.When Hurricane Irma hit Florida this month,Tesla remotely updated the software controlling the batteries of some models to give owners more range to escape the storm.可知，这给了他们免受危险的机会。故选B。
48.D
词义猜测题。根据最后一段中Devices,by and large,are sold on the basis that they enable people to do what they want.总的来说，设备的销售是基于它们能让人们做自己想做的事。To the extent they are controlled by somebody el,that freedom is compromid.在某种程度上，他们是被别人控制的，that freedom是妥协让步的。由此推知，划线词的意思是“在任何时候检查设备的自由”。故选D。
49.C
推理判断题。根据第四段中Cas like this should remind people how jealously they ought to protect their property
rights and control who us the data that is collected.可知，作者可能同意保护产权需要得到保护。故选C。50.A
细节理解题。根据第一段中Ownership ud to be about as straightforward as writing a cheque.可知，本句是文章的引入；第一段中的In the digital age,however,ownership has become more slippery.和Buyers should be aware that some of their most basic property rights are under threat.这是文章的两个主要要点；第二段第一句The trend is not always harmful.第三段中That can be inconvenient.第四段第一句Privacy is also at risk.这是第1个要点的3个次要点；最后一段第一句Ownership is not about to go away,but its meaning is changing.这是本文得出的最后结论。由此推知答案为A。
3.The Indian government may u3D paintings as virtual speed-breakers on major highways arid roads,in an attempt to check speeding and careless driving,and eventually make its deadly roads a little safer.“We are trying out3D paintings ud as virtual speed breakers to avoid unnecessary requirements of speed breakers,”India's transport minister Nitin Gadkari tweeted.
The visual illusions(幻象）are suppod to encourage drivers to slow down automatically.Earlier this month, India had ordered the removal of all speed breakers from highways,which are considered to be a danger to safety for high-speed vehicles.
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havefunIndia has the highest number of road accident deaths in the world.According to the World Health Organisation, over200,00people are killed by road accidents due to poor application of road safety laws.This is considerably higher than its official figures of141,526for2014.
The u of visual illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in2008, as part of a campaign against speeding motorists.The technique has also been tried out in China to create floating
3D crossings.
In India,cities such as Ahmedabad and Chennai have already experimented with3D zebra crossings in the last one year.In Ahmedabad for instance,two artists,mother and daughter have painted3D crosswalks in the first few months of this year.The artists say their motto is“to increa the attention of drivers”,and that the concept has been successfully tested in zones where accidents easily occur on a highway.”
However,critics argue that once drivers know that the speed breakers arc visual illusions,they may ignore them.Others also point out that India's decision does not consider the safety of a large number of walkers.In the end,the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety.
10.The author explains the experiment of3D zebra crossings in India by.
