“英语国家概况”精讲笔记
Chapter 1第一章
I.软件翻译工具Land and People英国的国土,人民
I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称:不列颠群岛,大不列颠和英格兰。 2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛(较大的一个)和爱尔兰岛,及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.
英语培训价格
大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous ction.
英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大,人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the southern Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh新东方英语视频
苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区:北部高地,中部低地及南部山陵。首府:爱丁堡。
(3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff
威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府:加的夫
(4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.
北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府:贝尔法斯特。
5.2% of its population go in for agriculture (farmers). P. 23 英国的农业人口占总人口的2%
6. Britain does not share a land border with any other countries except the Republic of Ireland.英国陆地上只和爱尔兰共和国接壤。
II. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊
Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).
本尼维斯山为英国最高峰,海拔1,343米。
Severn River is the longest river in Britain (355魔鬼搭车人km).
塞文河是英国最长的河流。全长355公里。
Thames River is the cond longest and most important river in Britain. (336km).
泰晤士河是英国第二大河,也是英国最重要的河。全长336公里。
Lough Neagh is the largest lake in Britain which is located in Northern Ireland. (396 square kilometres).
讷湖(内伊湖)是英国最大的湖,位于北爱尔兰。面积为396平方公里。
River Clyde is the most important river in Scotland.
克莱德河是苏格兰最重要的河流。
III. Climate 气候
1. Britain's favorable climate 英国有利的气候条件:
吱吱喳喳读音Britain has a temperate maritime climate-winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range.
英国属于海洋性气候:冬季不过于寒冷,夏季不过于炎热。全年有稳定可靠的降雨量,气温变化幅度小。
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2.The factors influence the climate in Britain:
影响英国气候的因素:
1)The surrounding waters tend to balance the asonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer;oad是什么意思
环绕四周的海水。冬天,海水可使岛内气温升高,夏天则使气温降低,从而起到平衡季节温差的作用;
2)The prevailing south-west winds or the Westerlies blow over the country all the year round bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate;
一年四季盛行的西南风和西风在冬季从大西洋带来温暖、潮湿的空气,使气温适宜;
3)The North Atlantic Drift pass the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.
北大西洋暖流经不列颠群岛西海岸,使气候变暖。 购物车英文怎么说
3.Rainfall 降雨量:
both
Britain has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,000mm. There is a water surplus in the north and west, and a water deficit in the south and east.
英国全年降雨量稳定,平均降雨量超过1000毫米。 英国北部、西部雨量过多,但是南部、东部有所缺乏。
IV. Religion
1.The state has two established churches: the Church of England (the state church) and the Church of Scotland.
英国有两个正统教会:英国国教英格兰圣公会和苏格兰长老会.
2.Some other protestant denominations are known as free churches, including the Methodist Church, the Baptist Union of Great Britain, the Salvation Army, Quakes, etc.
其它的新教派别被称为非正统教会,包括为理公会,浸礼会,救世军,贵格教等.
3.Henry VIII and The English Reformation亨利八世和英国的宗教改革
Henry VIII was above all responsible for the religious reform of the church. There were three main caus: a desire for change and reform in the church had been growing for many years and now, encouraged by the success of Martin Luther, many people believed its time had come; the privilege and wealth of the clergy were rented; and Henry needed money.亨利八世最重要的改革是负责进行教会的宗教改革。改革原因有三个主要方面:多年来,人们改革教会的意愿不断增长,现在又受马丁路德成功的鼓舞,许多人认为时机已到;教职人员的特权和财富已引起民愤;亨利需要钱。
The reform began as a struggle for a divorce and ended in freedom from the Papacy. Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon but the Pope refud. Henry’s reforms was to get rid of the English Church’s connection with the Pope, and to make an independent Church of England. He made this break with Rome gradually between 1529 and 1534. He dissolved all of England’s monasteries and nunneries becau they were more loyal to the Pope than to their English kings. The laws such as raphim fallsthe Act of successio
n of 1534 and the Act of Supremacy of 1535 made his reform possible. He established the Church of England as the national church of the country, and he made himlf the supreme head of the Church of England.
改革以争取离婚而开始,以脱离教皇而告终。亨利八世欲与阿拉贡的凯瑟琳离婚,但是教皇拒绝了。亨利改革的目的是摆脱英国教会与教皇的联系,成立独立的英格兰教会。1529年至1534年间逐渐地与罗马脱离了关系。他解散了所有英国的修道院和修女院,因为后者对教皇比对英国国王更忠诚。1534年的《继位法》和1535年的《王权法案》使改革具有了可行性。1535年他获“英格兰教会最高首脑”之称号。