乔姆斯基的转换生成语法理论（Chomsky's transformational
generative grammar）
Both analytical philosophy and continental philosophy pay attention to the study of language, which is an important feature of contemporary western philosophy. Language can not be divorced from the world. Language can only exist in the world. Chomsky, a contemporary American language master, pioneered the transformational generative grammar theory, which was a revolution in language. It indicates that the study of western linguistics, especially the linguistic rearch in the United States, has entered a new era, namely, the Chomsky period.
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I. Chomsky's revolution"
The study of Chomsky's generative grammar is not the language phenomenon, nor is it the u of language, but people's language ability, this is the negative structural linguistics of America was dominated by Bloomfield
. The creation of transformational generative grammar is regarded as a revolution in linguistics, and Chomsky's language theory quickly becomes the most influential and vigorous theory of modern linguis
tics. Tho who wish to keep up with the development of linguistics experts of linguistics, attach great importance to Joe's theory. A group of vibrant young people around Chomsky, the formation of generative grammar school. The schools, as a result of the novelty of basic theories and methods, have been recognized as another important branch of modern western philosophy of language, which is juxtapod with logical positivism and everyday linguistics.
股份支付>文档翻译pdfNot only that, this "Chomsky revolution" is also very fast and many other disciplines to linguistics, philosophy, psychology, logic, for artificial intelligence, communications engineering, which had a great impact. Becau people realize that the obvious difference between human beings and other kinds of animals is not so much a kind of thinking function or intelligence as language ability. Chomsky's transformational generative grammar is designed to explore human language abilities. The aim is to give a mathematically accurate description of some of the most striking features of human language.
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Two. The theoretical framework of transformational generative grammar.
Transformational generative grammar describes grammatical structures purely from a formal point of view, and us formal methods such as mathematical and logical notations and formulas to study gr
then是什么意思ammar in rearch. Chomsky in the process of grammar study using the deductive method and the method of introspection, fully explain the theory of goal is through the description and analysis of the language structure and language of the language urs' ability to find universal grammar, and further exploration of the internal mechanism of language acquisition of human beings, explaining the creative production and language problems.
This article talks only about the GB model and the MP model.
delivered
GB model is a sign of Chomsky's mature theory model, this model he distinguished the phonetic form of PF (Phonetic Form) and
MP (Logic Form) logical form, which is a sound system and cognitive system of human brain and our pronunciation interface module called language model. In the PF interface on the system output language phonetic or phonemic expression, is a structural description of a ntence sound; output on the LF interface is an expression about the meaning of a ntence, is a structural description of ntence meaning. Grammatical ntences only exist when and when a qualified PF expression is generated at the same time as a qualified LF expression. The basic contents of GB theory contains provisions of the deep structure form of "X X-order theory"; language determines the type of "center
parameter theory"; "PRO shedding parameters"; "constraint theory"; describe the structural components of the structural relationship between the "jurisdiction theory"; "the core grammar" and "around" the distinction of grammar.
matterhornThe MP model is put forward by Chomsky in 1992, MP universal grammar system model consists of a data type thesaurus and a computing system, computing system without any expression level, directly in a place called "sound system" and a cognitive system called "thinking system" cognitive subsystem associated, respectively. Generate PF and LF expression in the interface and the two cognitive subsystem. The MP model emphasizes the generative grammar model of terminal is not a ntence, a ntence sound form of "structure description" as PF expression but generated in the PF interface, a PF expression and a LF expression match, have the common n of the ntence. The PF expression is the instruction given to the cognitive subsystem of the competent voice, and the LF expression is the instruction to the cognitive system of the competent mind. The overall task of a language computing system is to derive a
successful PF expression and derive a successful LF expression. MP theory has made great progress compared with GB theory, eliminating the difference between the parameters and the deep surface structure, and at the same time increasing the verification theory".
newayThree, the talent and internality of language ability
Chomsky's theory of language derives from his study of children's language. Chomsky believed that language was a kind of gift, and that children were born with the ability to learn a language,
It is called the language acquisition mechanism (LAD). This is a unique knowledge that suits their language learning. In Chomsky's view, children are born with a unique talent. They not only have general tendencies and potentials, but also have knowledge about the nature of the world, especially about the nature of language. In his view, the study of language or the structure of language reveals the esnce of human thought. No matter what he believes that children living in the language environment, he can quickly learn the language environment, he can not only understand the speech of others, but also learn to u the language, not only is he heard, can speak out, and he can create a lot of new effective ntence according to the the syntax of this language. According to Chomsky, the acquisition of linguistic knowledge by children is an act of structural theory, and he is not the only one who learns the language by experience alone. Language needs imitation, imitation is the basis of language, but language is not merely imitation, but mainly not imitation. It is mainly the creation
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of new words, which is the creativeness of language. Chomsky believes that this ability to create and
produce new languages is a natural gift of man and an inner function. Every man has a natural dictionary, and he has the ability to distinguish between words. Through a ries of structural rules, the speaker can form the deep structure of the ntence in the language, that is, the conceptual structure existing in the brain before each ntence is expresd. Having formed the deep structure of the ntence, he had a correct ntence in his mind. In Chomsky's view, before people speak, there is a deep linguistic structure or thinking ability in his mind, and an inner correct ntence is formed. It ems to be the line when people talk. Chomsky believes that the "deep structure by converting part can be converted into surface structure, which is through the voice, when expresd in the ntence, the ntence is in the form of surface structure, deep structure reprenting the ntence meaning. Thus, Chomsky pays great attention to the transformation of the two language structures, but in the two structure, he emphasizes the deep structure.
Four, the limitations of transformational generative grammar
optimisticChomsky himlf does not admit that his linguistics is structural linguistics, but many people believe that he is still related to structuralism, mainly in relation to his linguistic methods of Saussure. No matter how he oppod Saussure's linguistic method, he inherited the structuralism method after Saussure, or is it a fact?. But his view of the deep structure and surface structure etc. and structurali
sm has many similarities, such as deep structure surface is a myth, is a myth; the deep structure is relative, the surface is the
