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考研英语1997年第3篇文章

更新时间:2023-07-24 20:43:05 阅读：评论：0

Technically, any substance{other than food} {that alters our bodily or mental functioning} is a drug.

night shift

4引导副词，主谓……. 从专业角度说，…….

technique 技术、方法

substance物质

substantial（数量/程度上）巨大的：substantial cost reduction大幅降低成本

=considerable：巨大的损失 substantial/considerable loss

other than 除了

rather than 而不是

1、主 4插入从句that 谓…….

2、主 4插入介词短语prep. 谓……网教育机构.

function [n/v] 功能作用→机能

body→bodily 身体的，肉体的 mental—vs—physical/bodily

精神的：mentally ill 精神上有病

Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical {which is taken by drug addicts}.

昼夜的意思

mistakenly believe 误以为

term术语 the term xxx refer（） to：xxx这个术语（）指

some sort of medicine 某种药物

dure 药品：drug store药店 drug abu药物滥用

毒品：drug addicts瘾君子 be addicted to drugs沉溺于吸毒

legal learning 法律知识

chemical [n/a]化学药品

主谓 2补充accp过去分词短语-ed ……. 或者是指瘾君子所吸食的某种化学药品

They don′t realize that familiar substances {such as alcohol and tobacco} are also drugs.

alcohol and tobacco 烟酒

主 4插入介词短语prep. 谓…….

This is why the more neutral term substance is now ud by many physicians and psychologists.

the more neutral term xxx：xxx这个更为中性的术语

physician——surgeon 外科医生

内科医生 surgery 外科

The phra “substance abu” is often ud instead of “drug abu” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misud as heroin and cocaine.

他们常用“物质滥用”而不是“药物滥用”来明确表示滥用烟酒这样的物质可能如同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害。

phra词语

而不是 …instead of +短语…

Instead of ……，主谓……. 不是……，而是…….

make clear 明确

heroin and cocaine 海洛英和可卡因

harmfully misud=abu 滥用 child abu

[n/v] the aged abu

abu the captives 虐待战俘

We live in a society{in which the medicinal and social u of substances (drugs) is pervasive}: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

主谓 2补充+从句 …….

pervasive=prevalent=widespread=universal 广泛的、普遍的

medicine→medicinal=clinical 医用的、临床上用的

quiet使安静

wine葡萄酒 alcohol白酒 beer啤酒

sociable社交的

nervous 紧张的 nerve神经

When do the socially acceptable and apparently constructive us of a substance become misus?

socially acceptable 社会普遍接受的	apparent 清楚的 obvious 明显的 clear evident conspicuous	construct [v]建设 constructive 建设性的/有利的/有用的 construction [n] Bank of China BC 中国银行 Construction Bank of China CBC Industrial Bank of China IBC

First of all, most substances {which are taken in excess} will produce negative effects such as poisoning or inten perceptual distortions.

First of all 第一

主 4插入+-ed 谓…….

take in excess 服用过量 excessive u of the pesticide 滥用农药杀虫剂 pest害虫

negative effect = side-effect 副作用积极的positive—vs—negative +feelings情绪

poison [n]毒 well井 sping泉\春:City of Springs泉城济南

inten [a]强烈的→严重的

perceptual distortions 知觉错乱 distort扭曲

美国公立大学的大学排名

Repeated u of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence.

addiction 上瘾

regional

Dependence is marked first by an incread tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

A is marked first by B A首先是以B为标志

an incread tolerance 越来越大的耐药性

desired effect 理想效果

unpleasant withdrawal symptom 难受的停药症状

withdrawal [n]取款——deposit [n]存款

inquiry 查询——transfer 转账

constitute

Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances.

central nervous 中枢神经
perception [n]察觉	perceptual [a]感知的	perceive [v]觉察到/感知→发现 be aware of ═ notice
be known as 被称为
psychoactive 精神活性物质

Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens.

commonly ═ generally 通常

be grouped 分组→分类

stimulant 兴奋剂 stimulate domestic demand 刺激国内需求

depressant 镇定剂 depress使沮丧、使萧条

hallucinogen 迷幻剂 ═ psychedelic

Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down.

veteran是什么意思

initially ═ firstly 首先

speed up 加速

activate 激活

whereas 反之

Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations.

primary 主要

have effect on 对…有影响

distort [v]紊乱/扭曲 distortion [n]

hallucination 幻觉 ═ illusion

The are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifesting”) becau they emed to radically alter one′s state of consciousness.

bernanke

裁缝的读音psychedelic 迷幻剂、引起幻觉

radically 根本地

mind-manifesting 心灵显现

consciousness 意识 state of consciousness 意识状态

conscious 有意识的、清醒的

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