情态V | 词义&用法 | 注意事项 | 特殊用法 |
can could | 1.表具备某种能力 | Can表现在能力；Could表示过去能力.可用be able to代替；was/were able to to表示成功做了某事 | （1）表惊异、怀疑、不相信、不耐烦等。（此意常用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句语气）Can/Could this be true? （2）can not…too\enough表示"无论怎样``````也不过分","越``````越好"： You can't be too careful. |
2.表请求和允许 | ①请求用could 语气委婉 ②允许不用 could. | ||
3.表“可能性” | 1 can用于否定和疑问句(could不限) 2 can (be)表示有时候会（常与sometimes, at times 连用） | ||
may might | 1.表请求和允许 | ①请求用might语气更委婉。 ②允许时用may，表示“可以”（表示允许时不用might）。 | （1）may/might well+V原形：表"完全可能,，很可能"= be very likely to:He may well be proud for his son. （2）may/might as well+V原形："最好，满可以，倒不如" You may as well stay here over night. |
| 西班牙人名 2.表可能性“也许” | 此意常用于肯定句。（might可能最小） | ||
3表祝愿 | 固定句型为“May+主语+V原型”： May you succeed! | ||
must | 1.表“必须” | 1 must多表主观、现在/将来义务; have to多表客观、英译汉翻译过去义务 2 mustn't表"禁止"；否定用needn't / don't have to | （1）表示必然结果： All men must die.人固有一死。 （2）表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感情色彩，可译为“一定要、偏偏、非要”： If you must know, her name is Mary. |
2.表推测：“肯定是、准是” | 只用于肯定句。在否定句/疑问句中用can/could | ||
will would | 1.表意愿,决心等 | Would此时为will过去式，无意义差别 | （1）will表命令（说话者确定命令一定会得到执行）或允诺：You will report to me afterwards.(命令)They will get enough money from me.(允诺)pray for （2）可用于祈使句附加疑问句(反义疑问句)：(此时would比will委婉) Don’t go now, will you? （3）woul短语：would rather/would prefer宁愿；would like/would love喜欢/想要（见注意①） |
2.表经常性，习惯性，倾向性， | Would表过去反复的动作/某种倾向(相对于ud to无“现已无此习惯”之义。) | ||
3.表功能，性质 | 叙述真理：The tree will leave without water for 3 months. | ||
4.表估计：“想必，大概”（只时态区别） | 此意表对目前事物的预料。That will be the postman ringing.(would表示过去/现在；will表示现在/将来) | ||
5.表“请求/要求” （Will you？） | 此意用于疑问句，常与you连用 Will you give me a piece of paper? | ||
shall （shan’t） | 1.表征求意见（“好不好”） | 用在第一、三人称Shall the reporters wait outside or what? | 点2其他示例： He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺) You shall fail if you don't work harder.（警告） You shall come at once.（命令） |
2.表允诺、威胁、警告、命令或根据规定有义务做 | 用于第二、第三人称 Pasngers shall not talk with the driver while the bus is moving | ||
3.表规章、法令、预言：“必须” | 用于所有人称 Every competitor shall wear a number | ||
should ought to | 1.表示道义上的责任，义务或要求， | 有时表示劝告：You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says. | （1）should 用于疑问句中表示说话人对某事不能理解，惋惜，感到意外，赞叹，愤怒、惊异等感情，意为“竟会”，有时也用于陈述句中 （2）Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能，相当于“万一”的意思。（见注意②） |
2.表示推测和可能性，是“ (按理说)应该”之意 | 肯定的语气没有must用于推测时强 This pen ought to /should be yours. | ||
3.表示说话人的一种谦逊，客气，委婉的语气 | 此意常用于第一人称时： You are mistaken , I should say . (依我看你是搞错了) | ||
词形 | 使用场合 | 对现在和未来的推测 | 对过去事情 的推测 |
must | 肯定句 | must+动词原形 | must have done |
may/might | 肯定句、否定句 | may+动词原形 | 英文感谢信范文may/might have done |
can/could | 否定句、疑问句 | can/could +动词原形 | can/could have done 坚持就是胜利是谁说的 |
should | 肯定句、否定句、疑问句 | 用来表示一种估计的情况 “按理会/估计会”should+动词原形 | should have done |
情态动词+have done | 用法 | 例句教学方法 | ||
must have done | 对过去进行推测表 “想必、、准是一定做了” | The light were out. They must have been asleep. | ||
can have done can’t have done | 否定、疑问句中，表“怀疑和不肯定” | He can’t have forgotten it. Can he have gone to his aunt’s? | ||
could have done couldn’t have done | 表“本来可以做某事的（却没有）否定表“不可能” | You could have done better, but you were too careless. Mr wang couldn’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him just now. | ||
might have done | 表“本来应该或 可以/能做某事的 （却没有） | You might have given me more help, though you were busy. | ||
should/ought to have done | 用于肯定句中时， 表示“本该做某事”，而实际上未做；用于否定句中时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。 | You should/ought to have been more careful. You shouldn’t have spoken to your parents in this way. | ||
needn’t have done | 表示做了本来不必 去做的事。 | The weather turned out fine. You needn’t have taken your umbrella with you. | ||
had better have done | 表示“当时做了某事就好了”，其否定句表相反的含义。 | You had better have started earlier. You had better not have quarrelled with her. | ||
would rather have done | 表示“当时宁愿 做了某事”，其否定句表相反的含义。两者都表“后悔”之意。 | I would rather have taken her advice. I raid objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that. | ||
Would like/love to have done | 表示愿意做某事，但未做成。 | I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. | ||
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