Designation:A 453/A 453M –02
An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
High-Temperature Bolting Materials,with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels 1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 453/A 453M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the ca of revision,the year of last revision.
A number in parenthes indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e )indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for u by agencies of the Department of Defen.
1.Scope *
1.1This specification 2covers four grades of bolting mate-rials with nine class of yield strength ranging from 50to 120ksi [345to 827MPa]for u in high-temperature rvice such as fasteners for pressure vesl and valve flanges.The material requires special processing and is not intended for general purpo applications.The term “bolting material,”as ud in this specification,covers rolled,forged,or hot-extruded bars;bolts,nuts,screws,washers,studs,and stud bolts.Headed bolts and rolled threads may be supplied.
N OTE 1—Other bolting materials are covered by Specification A 193/A 193M and Specification A 437/A 437M.
1.2Supplementary Requirement S 1of an optional nature is provided.This shall apply only when specified by the pur-char in the order.
1.3This specification is expresd in both inch-pound units and in SI units.However,unless the order specifies the applicable “M”specification designation (SI units),the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.4The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded parately as standard.Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;therefore,each system must be ud independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.
2.Referenced Documents 2.1ASTM Standards:
A 193/A 193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High-Temperature Service 3A 437/A 437M Specification for Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type
Bolting Material Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service 3
A 962/A 962M Specification for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials,or Both,Intended for U at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range 3
E 139Practice for Conducting Creep,Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials 4
3.Terminology
烫发后如何护理
3.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1bolting material —this covers rolled,forged,or hot-extruded bars;bolts,nuts,screws,washers,studs,and stud bolts;and also includes tho manufactured by upt heading or roll threading techniques.
3.1.2heat-treatment charge —one heat of material heat treated in one batch.If a continuous operation is ud,the weight procesd as a heat-treatment charge shall not exceed the weights in Table 1.
3.1.3lot —a lot shall consist of the quantities shown in Table 2.
4.Ordering Information
4.1The inquiry and order shall indicate the following:4.1.1Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
4.1.2Description of material (bars,bolts,nuts,etc.),4.1.3Grade and class (e Table 3),4.1.4Method of finishing (e 6.1),4.1.5Type of thread desired (e 6.1.1),
4.1.6Alternative test method option (e 7.2.4.3),4.1.7Bolt shape option,if any,4.1.8Thread option,if any,
4.1.9Test method for surface quality,if any,4.1.10Test location option,if any,4.1.11Rejection option,if any,and
4.1.12If stress-rupture testing is not required (e 7.2.1).
5.Common Requirements
5.1Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A 962/A 962M.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel,Stainless Steel,and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpo Applications.
Current edition approved March 10,2002.Published June 2002.Originally published as A 453–61T.Last previous edition A 453/A 453M –00e 1.2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code Applications e related Specifi-cation SA-453in Section II of that Code.3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 01.01.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 03.01.
1
*A Summary of Changes ction appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright ©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.
The requirements include test methods,finish,thread dimen-sions,marking,certification,optional su
pplementary require-ments,and others.Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification A 962/A 962M constitutes nonconformance with this specification.In ca of conflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A 962/A 962M,this specification shall prevail.
6.Materials and Manufacture 6.1Finishing Process :
6.1.1Threads may be performed by machining or rolling.For Type 1bolting,threading shall be performed after precipi-tation heat treatment.Types M1and M2bolting shall have machine cut threads.For Types 2R1and R2,bolting shall have rolled threads.Types R1and M1bolting,threading shall be performed after precipitation heat treatment.Types R2and M2bolting shall be threaded after solution heat treatment but prior to precipitation heat treatment.When not specified by the purchar,the type supplied shall be the option of the manu-facturer.
6.2Heat Treatment —Each grade and class shall be heat treated as prescribed in Table 4.
7.Mechanical Properties 7.1Tension Test :
7.1.1Requirements —The material in each heat-treatment charge shall conform to the room-temperature tensile require-ments in Table 5.
raison
7.1.2Number of Specimens :
7.1.2.1Heat-Treated Bars —When not more than two sizes of bars are heat treated in the same load,one tension test shall be made from each size in each heat of material in the heat-treatment charge (e 3.1.2).When more than two sizes of bars are treated in the same charge,one tension test shall be made from one bar of each of the two largest diameters from each heat of material in the heat-treating charge.
9月 英文7.1.2.2Finished Parts —One tension test shall be made if the lot consists of parts of the same nominal diameter.If the lot consists of parts of more than one nominal diameter,one tension test shall be made from each nominal diameter of each heat involved in the lot (e Section 3).
7.1.2.3The diameter range shall be in increments of 1⁄2in.[12.5mm].
7.2Stress-Rupture Test :
7.2.1Requirements —The material shall conform to the stress-rupture requirements prescribed in Table 6for design
temperatures above 800°F [427°C].Material not stress-rupture tested shall be permanently stamped
NR.
7.2.2The number of specimens shall be the same as the required number of tension test specimens.
7.2.3The test location and orientation shall be the same as that required for the tension test specimens.7.2.4Test Method :
7.2.4.1The rupture test shall be performed in accordance with Practice E 139.
7.2.4.2A combination smooth and notched test specimen,machined to the dimensions prescribed in Fig.1and Table 7,shall be tested in accordance with the stress-rupture require-ments prescribed in Table 6.The test shall be continued to rupture.The rupture shall occur in the smooth ction of the bar.
7.2.4.3As an alternative procedure and,when specifically approved by the purchar,parate smooth and notched test specimens,machined from adjacent ctions of the same piece,with gage ctions conforming to the respective dimensions of Table 7,may be tested under the above conditions.The notched specimen need not be tested to rupture but shall not rupture in less time than the companion smooth specimen.
7.2.4.4When the minimum specified time to rupture in Table 6has been achieved,incremental loading may be ud to accelerate the time to rupture.At intervals of 8to 16h,preferably 8to 10h,the stress shall be incread in increments of 5000psi [34.5MPa].Rupture location,and elongation requirements shall be as prescribed in Table 6,7.2.4.2,and 7.2.4.3.
7.3Hardness Test :
7.3.1Requirements —The material shall conform to the room temperature hardness requirements prescribed in Table 5.7.3.2Number of Tests :
7.3.2.1Bars 2in.[50mm]and Over —One test on each mill-treated length.
7.3.2.2Bars under 2in.[50mm]—One test on at least 10%of the mill treated lengths.
7.3.3Test Locations —The hardness test shall be made at the center of the cross ction for bars up to 1in.[25mm]in diameter,and at the midradius on bars 1in.[25mm]and larger in diameter.8.Product Marking
8.1Bolts,Nuts,Screws,Studs,and Steel Bolts —In addition to the grade and class shown in Table 4,the type designation (e 6.1.1)shall also appear on all bolting material so pro-cesd.9.Keywords
9.1bolts–steel;fasteners–steel;marking;nuts–steel;pre-cipitation hardening steels;pressure vesl rvice;revision letter;steel bars–alloy;steel bolting material;steel flanges;steel values;temperature rvice applications–high;year date
TABLE 1Continuous Heat-Treatment Charge Sizes
Diameter,in.[mm]Weight,lb [kg]To 13⁄4[44]
3000[1400]Over 13⁄4[44]to 21⁄2[63]6000[2700]Over 21⁄2[63]
12000[5400]
TABLE 2Lot Sizes
Diameter,in.[mm]
Maximum Lot Size,lb [kg]
11⁄2[38]and under
200[90]Over 11⁄2[38]to 13⁄4[44],incl 300[140]Over 13⁄4[44]to 21⁄2[63],incl 600[270]Over 21⁄2[63]
20
pieces
TABLE 3Chemical Requirements
平板电脑触摸屏维修Grade 660
Grade 651UNS Number
S66286
epiconS63198
Content,%
Product Analysis Variation,
Over or Under,%
西江月翻译Content,%Product Analysis Variation,
Over or Under,%
Carbon 0.08max 0.01over 0.28–0.350.02Mangane 2.00max 0.040.75–1.500.04Phosphorus 0.040max 0.005over 0.040max 0.005over Sulfur 0.030max 0.005over 0.030max 0.005over Silicon 1.00max 0.050.30–0.800.05Nickel 24.0–27.00.208.0–11.00.15Chromium 13.5–16.00.2018.0–21.00.25Molybdenum 1.00–1.50
0.05 1.00–1.750.05Tungsten ...... 1.00–1.750.05Titanium 1.90–2.35
0.050.10–0.350.05over Columbium A ......0.25–0.60
0.05Aluminum 0.35max 0.05over ......Vanadium 0.10–0.500.03
......Boron 0.001–0.010
0.0004under to ......0.001over
Copper
...
...
0.50max
0.03over
Grade 662
Grade 665UNS Number
S66220
S66545
Content,%
Product Analysis,Variation
Over or Under,%
Content,%Product Analysis Variation,
Over or Under,%
muradCarbon 0.08max 0.01over 0.08max 0.01over Mangane 0.40–1.000.03 1.25–2.000.04Phosphorus 0.040max 0.005over 0.040max 0.005over Sulfur 0.030max 0.005over 0.030max 0.005over Silicon 0.40–1.000.050.10–0.800.05Nickel 24.0–28.00.2024.0–28.00.20Chromium 12.0–15.00.1512.0–15.00.15Molybdenum 2.0–3.50.10 1.25–2.250.10Titanium 1.80–2.100.05 2.70–3.30.05Aluminum 0.35max 0.05over 0.25max 0.05over Copper 0.50max 0.03over 0.25max 0.03over Boron
0.001–0.010
0.0004under to 0.01–0.07
0.005
0.001over
A
Or columbium plus tantalum.
TABLE 4Heat Treatment Requirements A
Grade Class Solution Treatment
Hardening Treatment
660
英语字母书写格式A 1650625°F [900614°C],hold 2h,min,and liquid quench 1325625°F [720614°C],hold 16h,air cool
B 1800625°F [980614°C],hold 1h,min,and liquid quench 1325625°F [720614°C],hold 16h,air cool
C 1800625°F [980614°C],hold 1h min,and oil quench
1425625°F [775614°C]hold 16h,air cool 1200625°F [650614°C]hold 16h,air cool
651
A hot-cold worked at 1200°F [650°C]min with 15%min reduction in cross-ctional area,
stress-relief anneal at 1200°F [650°C]min or 4h,min
B
hot-cold worked at 1200°F [650°C]min with 15%min reduction of cross-ctional area,
stress-relief anneal at 1350°F [730°C]min for 4h,min
662
A 1800625°F [980614°C],hold 2h,liquid quench 1350to 1400°F [730to 760°C],hold 20h,furnace cool to 1200625°F [650614°C],
hold 20h,air cool
B
1950625°F [1065614°C],hold 2h,liquid quench 1350to 1400°F [730to 760°C],hold 20h,furnace cool to 1200625°F [650614°C],
hold 20h,air cool
665
A 1800625°F [980614°C],hold 3h,liquid quench 1350to 1400°F [730to 760°C],hold 20h,furnace cool to 1200625°F [650614°C],
hold 20h,air cool
B
2000625°F [1095614°C],hold 3h,liquid quench
1350to 1400°F [730to 760°C],hold 20h,furnace cool to 1200625°F [650614°C],
hold 20h,air cool
A
Times refer to the minimum time material is required to be at temperature.
TABLE 5Mechanical Property Requirements
Grade Class Tensile Strength,
min
Yield Strength (0.2%Offt),min Elongation in 43Diam A ,min,%
Reduction of Area,min,%
Brinell Hardness
Number
Approximate Rockwell Hardness,
B and C
ksi MPa ksi MPa min max 660A,B,and C
130895855851518248–34199HRB B 37HRC 651
A
10069070C 4851835217–27795HRB 29HRC 60D 415B
9565560C 4151835212–26993HRB 28HRC E 50D 345662A 130895855851518255–321100HRB B 35HRC E B 125860805501518248–32199HRB 35HRC 665
A 17011701208301215311–38832HRC 41HRC B
155
1070postal code是什么意思中文
120
830
12
15
311–388
32HRC
41HRC
A See Fig.number 6of Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
B
Conversion numbers taken from Test Methods and Definitions A 370,Table number 3D.C
Material sizes 3in.[76mm]and under in diameter.D
Material sizes over 3in.[76mm]in diameter.E
Conversion numbers taken from Specification A 193/A 193M,Table number 2(austenitic steels);others by interpolation.
TABLE 6Stress Rupture Requirements
Grade Class Test
Temperature,°F [°C]Stress,min Time to
Rupture,min,h A Elongation,min,%ksi MPa 660A,B,and C 1200[650]563851005651A and B 1200[650]402751005662A and B 1200[650]553801005665
A 1200[650]755151003B
1200
[650]
70
485
100
5
A
The combination bar specimen shown in Fig.number 1shall be tested continuously at the temperature and at the minimum stress specified or at a greater stress and shall rupture in a time not less than that
specified.
FIG.1Combination Smooth-Notch Stress-Rupture Test Specimen
(See Table 6)
TABLE 7Test Specimen Dimensions
见解的意思
N OTE 1—Surfaces marked 8,finish to 8µin.[0.2µm]rms or better.N OTE 2—The difference between dimensions F and D shall not exceed 0.0005in.[0.01mm]for specimens 1or 2.The difference shall not exceed 0.001in.[0.02mm]for specimens 3,4,5,or 6.
N OTE 3—Taper the gage length G to the center so that the diameter D at the ends of the gage length exceeds the diameter at the center of the gage length by not less than 0.0005in.[0.01mm]nor more than 0.0015in.[0.04mm].
N OTE 4—All ctions shall be concentric about the specimen axis within 0.001in.[0.02mm].
N OTE 5—Thread size T shall be equal to or greater than diameter H .N OTE 6—Dimensions A and B are not specified.
N OTE 7—Length of shoulder C —1⁄8+1/32−0in.[3.2+0.8mm].N OTE 8—Length of shoulder E —3⁄8+1⁄32−0in.[10.0+0.8mm].
Specimen Type Mid-length Gage Dia D and Notch-Root
Dia F
Gage Length,G
Shoulder Diameter,
H Notch-Root Radius
Inches
10.1250.50.1770.00520.1600.650.2260.00530.1780.750.2500.00540.252 1.00.3750.00750.357 1.50.5000.01060.505 2.00.7500.015Tolerance
60.001
60.05
60.003
60.0005
Millimetres
7 3.1712.0 4.50.138 4.0617.0 5.50.139 4.5220.0 6.50.1310 6.4025.09.50.18119.0740.012.00.251212.850.019.00.38Tolerance
60.025
61.3
60.1
6
0.01
