Designation:A194/A194M–06a Endord by
Manufacturers Standardization Society
of the Valve and Fittings Industry
Ud in USNRC-RDT Standards
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or
High Temperature Service,or Both1
This standard is issued under thefixed designation A194/A194M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or,in the ca of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parenthes indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for u by agencies of the Department of Defen.
1.Scope*
1.1This specification2covers a variety of carbon,alloy,and martensitic stainless steel nuts in the size range1⁄4through4 in.and metric M6through M100nominal.It also covers austenitic stainless steel nuts in the size range1⁄4in.and M6 nominal and above.The nuts are intended for high-pressure or high-temperature rvice,or both.Grade substitutions with-out the purchar’s permission are not allowed.
1.2Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hot-wrought. The material may be further procesd by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened.When annealed and strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is order
ed in accor-dance with Supplementary Requirement S1,the purchar should take special care to ensure that8.
2.2,Supplementary Requirement S1,and Appendix X1are thoroughly understood.
1.3Supplementary requirements(S1through S8)of an optional nature are provided.The shall apply only when specified in the inquiry,contract,and order.
1.4This specification is expresd in both inch-pound units and in SI units.However,unless the order specifies the applicable“M”specification designation(SI units),the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded parately as standard.Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;therefore,each system must be ud independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:3
A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating(Hot-Dip)on Iron and Steel Hardware
A276Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
A320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials,or Both,Intended for U at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
B695Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
B696Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically Deposited
B766Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-mium
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size F1941Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on Threaded Fasteners(Unified Inch Screw Threads(UN/ UNR))
2.2American National Standards:4
B1.1Unified Screw Threads
B1.2Gages and Gaging for Unified Inch Screw Threads B1.13M Metric Screw Threads
B18.2.2Square and Hex Nuts
B18.2.4.6M Metric Heavy Hex Nuts
3.Terminology
3.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpo Applications.
Current edition approved June15,2006.Published July2006.Originally approved in1936.Last previous
edition approved in2006as A194/A194M–06.
2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code applications e related Specifi-cation SA-194in Section II of that code.
3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm,or contact ASTM Customer Service at rvice@astm.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25W.43rd St., 4th Floor,New York,NY10036.
*A Summary of Changes ction appears at the end of this standard. Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.
3.1.1Austenitic Grades—All grades with a prefix of“8”or “9”.
3.1.2Ferritic Grades—Grades1,2,2H,2HM,3,4,6,6F,7, 7M,and16.
3.1.3Lot:
3.1.3.1Unless otherwi specified(e3.1.3.2),a lot is the quantity of nuts of a single nominal size and grade produced by the same manufacturing process.
3.1.3.2When Supplementary Requirement S5is invoked on the purcha order,the following definitions of a lot shall apply:
For Grade8Nuts—The quantity of all the nuts of a single nominal diameter and grade made from the same heat of steel and made by the same manufacturing process.
For All Other Grade Nuts(e8.2and8.1.2.1)—All the nuts of a single nominal diameter and grade made from the same heat number and heat treated in the same batch if batch-type heat treating equipment is ud or heat treated in the same continuous run of not more than8h under the same conditions if continuous-type heat treating equipment is ud.
3.1.4Type
3.1.
4.1For Grade8Nuts—Variations within the grade designated by a letter and differentiated by chemistry and by manufacturing process.
3.1.
4.2For Grade6Nuts—Variations within the grade designated by the letter F as differentiated by chemical addi-tions made for machineability.
3.1.5Series—The dimensional relationship and geometry of the nuts as described in ANSI B18.2.2or B18.2.
4.6M. 4.Ordering Information
4.1The inquiry and order for material under this specifica-tion shall include the following as required to describe the material adequately:
4.1.1Specification designation,year date,and grade,issue date and revision letter,
4.1.2Quantity,number of pieces,
4.1.3Dimensions(e Section9),
4.1.4Options in accordance with8.2.2.1,9.1,9.2,10.3,and 12,and
4.1.5Supplementary Requirements,if any.
4.2Coatings—Coatings are prohibited unless specified by the purchar(e Supplementary Requirements S7and S8). When coated nuts are ordered,the purchar should take special care to ensure that Appendix X2is thoroughly under-stood.
4.3See Supplementary Requirement S3for nuts to be ud in low temperature applications(Specification A320/A320M).
5.Common Requirements
5.1Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A962/A962M. The requirements include test methods,finish,thread dimen-sions,marking,certification,optional supplementary require-ments,and others.Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification A962/A962M constitutes nonconformance with this specification.In ca of conflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A962/A962M,this specification shall prevail.
6.Manufacture(Process)
6.1Stainless steels for all types of Grade6and8nuts shall be made by one of the following process:
6.1.1Electric-furnace(with parate degassing and refining optional),
generalelectric6.1.2Vacuum induction furnace,or
6.1.3Either of the above followed by electroslag remelting, or consumable-arc remelting.
6.2The steel producer shall exerci adequate control to eliminate excessive unhomogeneity,nonmetallics,pipe,poros-ity,and other defects.
6.3Grades1and2nuts shall be hot or cold forged,or shall be machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled,or cold-drawn bars.
6.3.1All Grade1and2nuts made by cold forging or by machining from cold-drawn bars shall be stress-relief annealed at a temperature of at least1000°F[538°C].
6.3.2Grade1and2nuts made by hot forging or by machining from hot-forged or hot-rolled bars need not be given any stress relief annealing treatment.
6.4Grades2H,2HM,3,4,6,6F,7,7M,and16nuts shall be hot-or cold-forged or shall be machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled,or cold-drawn bars and shall be heat treated to meet the required mechanical properties.The grades shall be reheated above the critical range of the steel,quenched in a suitable medium,and then tempered at a temperature not less than the following:
Grade
Minimum Tempering Temperature,°F
[°C]
2H850[455]
2HM1150[620]
31050[565]
41100[595]
6and6F1100[595]
71100[595]
7M1150[620]
161200[650]
Nuts machined from bar heat treated in accordance with this specification need not be reheat-treated.For Grade2HM and 7M nuts,afinal stress relief shall be done at or above the minimum tempering temperature after all forming,machining, and tapping operations.Thisfinal stress relief may be the tempering operation.
6.4.1Grade6and6F nuts shall be tempered for a minimum of1h at the temperature.
6.5Grades8,8C,8M,8T,8F,8P,8N,8MN,8R,8S,8LN, 8MLN,8MLCuN,and9C nuts shall be hot or cold forged,or shall be machined from hot-forged,hot-rolled or cold-drawn bars.
6.6Grades8A,8CA,8MA,8TA,8FA,8PA,8NA,8MNA, 8RA,8SA,8LNA,8MLNA,8MLCuNA,and9CA nuts shall be hot-or cold-forged or shall be machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled,or cold-drawn bars and the nuts shall subquently be carbide-solution treated by heating them for a sufficient time at a temperature to dissolve chromium carbides followed by cooling at a rate sufficient to prevent repreci
pitation of the carbides.
7.Chemical Composition
7.1Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Table1
.
TABLE 1Chemical Requirements A ,B ,C
Grade Symbol Material UNS Number
Carbon,%Manga-ne,%Phospho-rus,
%Sulfur,D
%
Silicon,%Chromium,
%Nickel,%Molyb-denum,%Tita-nium,
%
Colum-bium and Tanta-lum,%
Nitrogen,
%Other Elements,%1
carbon 0.15min 1.000.0400.2,2HM,and 2H carbon
0.40min
1.00
0.040
0.0500.40
...
......
............
4
carbon,molyb-denum 0.40–0.500.70–0.900.0350.040
0.15–
0.20–
...
...
...
3
Type 501
0.10min 1.000.0400.030 1.00 4.0–0.40–
......6Type 410S410000.15 1.000.0400.030 1.0011.5–6F Type 416S416000.15 1.250.0600.15min 1.0012.0–6F Type 416Se S416230.15
1.25
0.0600.060 1.00
12.0–14.0
......
...
...Selenium,0.15min 7,7M
Type 4140/4142/4145,4140H,4142H,4145H
0.37–0.490.65–1.100.0350.04
0.15–0.350.75–
0.15–
...
...
8,8A Type 304S304000.08 2.000.0450.030 1.0018.0–20.08.0–.
......8C,8CA Type 347S34700
0.08 2.000.0450.030 1.0017.0–19.09.0–trimester
10x carbon content,min ......
8M,8MA Type 316S316000.08 2.000.0450.030 1.0016.0–18.010.0–14.0 2.00–8T,8TA Type 321S321000.08 2.000.0450.030 1.0017.0–19.0
9.0–12.0 (5x)
(C+N)min -0.70max
<
......
8F,8FA Type 303S30300
0.15 2.000.200.15min 1.0017.0–19.08.0–8F,8FA
Type 303Se
S303230.15 2.000.200.06 1.0017.0–19.08.0–10.0
...
......Selenium,0.15min 8P,8PA Type 305
with restricted carbon
S30500
0.08
2.00
0.045
0.030
1.00
17.0–19.0
11.0–photo booth
...
...
...
8N,8NA Type
304N
S304510.08 2.000.0450.030 1.0018.0–20.08.0–.0.10–0.168LN,8LNA Type 304LN S304530.030 2.000.0450.030 1.0018.0–20.08.0–11.0
...
...
...0.10–0.168MN,8MNA Type 316N S316510.08 2.000.0450.030 1.0016.0–18.010.0–13.0 2.00–0.10–0.168MLN,8MLNA Type 316LN S316530.030 2.000.0450.030 1.0016.0–18.010.0–13.0 2.00–
thebeatles0.10–0.16
8R,8RA E XM19S209100.06 4.0–6.00.0450.030 1.0020.5–23.511.5–13.5 1.50–0.10–0.300.20–0.40Vanadium,
0.10–0.30
8S,8SA
S218000.107.0–9.00.0600.030 3.5–4.516.0–18.08.0–.0.08–0.188MLCuN,8MLCuNA
S31254S312540.020 1.000.0300.0100.8019.5–20.517.5–18.5 6.0–
...0.18–0.22Copper,
0.50–1.00
9C,9CA N08367N08367
0.030
2.00
0.040
0.030 1.00
垃圾桶英文20.0-22.0
23.5-25.5 6.0-7.00.18-0.25Copper
0.75
16
Chromium Molyb-denum Vanadium
0.36–0.470.45–0.700.0350.040
0.15–0.350.80–1.15
...
0.50–
......Vanadium,
0.25–0.35Aluminum B 0.015
A The intentional addition of Bi,Se,Te,and Pb is not permitted except for Grades 6F,8F,and 8FA,in which Se is specified and required.B
Total aluminum,soluble and insoluble.C
Maximum,unless minimum or range is indicated.D
Becau of the degree to which sulfur gregates,product analysis for sulfur over 0.060%max is not technologically appropriate.E
As described in Specification A 276
.
8.Mechanical Requirements 8.1Hardness Test :8.1.1Requirements :
8.1.1.1All nuts shall meet the hardness requirements speci-fied in Table 2.
8.1.1.2Sample nuts of Grades 1,2,2H,2HM,3,4,7,7M,and 16which have been given the treatment described in 8.1.5shall meet the minimum hardness specified in Table 2.
8.1.2Number of Tests —(Grades 1,2,2H,3,4,7,and 16and all types of Grade 6):
8.1.2.1Tests on the number of sample nuts in accordance with the following table shall be performed by the manufac-turer following all production heat treatments:
Lot Size
Samples
Up to 8001801to 800028001to 220003Over 22000
5
8.1.2.2In addition,a hardness test shall be performed by the manufacturer in accordance with 8.1.5on one sample nut lected from each nominal diameter and ries from each grade and heat number following completion of all production heat treatments.
8.1.3Number of Tests,Grades 2HM and 7M :
8.1.3.1Each nut shall be tested by Brinell or Rockwell methods to ensure product conformance.58.1.3.2In addition,8.1.2.2shall be met.
8.1.4Number of Tests,All Types of Grade 8—Tests on the number of sample nuts in accordance with 8.1.2.1shall be performed by the manufacturer.
8.1.5Test 2—In addition to the testing required by 8.1.2.1the manufacturer shall also perform hardness tests on sample nuts after the following test heat treatment.After completion of all production heat treatments heat the specimen nuts to the temperatures indicated below for 24h,then slow cool.Test at room temperature.
Grade A
Temperature,°F [°C]1
850[455]2,2H,2HM 1000[540]3,4,7,7M 1100[590]16
1200[650]
A
Nuts intended to be coated with zinc or cadmium (marked in accordance with the requirements of Supplementary Requirement S8)are not subjected to the requirements of 8.1.5(See Appendix X2).
8.1.5.1Special Requirement,Grades 2HM and 7M —Preparation of Grades 2HM and 7M nuts for hardness test and the hardness test itlf shall be performed with consideration to (1)protect legibility of markings;(2)minimize exterior dimen-sional changes;and (3)maintain thread fit.8.2Proof Load Test :
8.2.1Requirements —All nuts shall be capable of withstand-ing the proof loads specified in Table 3and Table 4.However,nuts manufactured to dimensions and configurations other than tho covered by ANSI B 1.1,ANSI B 1.13M ,ANSI B 18.2.2,and B 18.2.4.6M are not subject to the proof load test.8.2.2Number of Tests :
8.2.2.1The manufacturer shall test the number of nuts specified in 8.1.2.1following all production heat treatments.Nuts that would require a proof load in excess of 160000lb/f or 705kN may be furnished on the basis of minimum hardness requirements.Testing of nuts requiring a proof load in excess of 160000lb/f or 705kN is covered in Supplementary Requirements S1amd S4.
8.2.3Test Method —The test shall be in accordance with Annex A3,Paragraph A3.5.1,of Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
8.3Cone Proof Load Test:
8.3.1Requirements —This test shall be performed only when visible surface discontinuities become a matter of issue between the manufacturer and the purchar.The requirements specified in Table 5and Table 6shall be met for the size range 1⁄4to 11⁄2in.and M6to M36.Nuts not in this size range and all types of Grade 8nuts are not subject to this test.Also,nuts manufactured to dimensions and configurations other than
5
An underline as a marking requirement for grades 2HM and 7M has been removed but is permitted.
TABLE 2Hardness Requirements
Grade and Type
Completed Nuts
Sample Nut after Treatment as in 8.1.5Brinell Hardness
Rockwell Hardness
Brinell Hardness,min Rockwell Hardness B Scale,min
C Scale
B Scale 1121min ...70min 121702
84min 159842H to 11⁄ M36,incl 248to 179892H over 11⁄ M36212to 32735max 95min 147792HM and 7M 84to 99159843,4,7,and 16248to 201946and 6F
228to .8,8C,8M,8T,8F,8P ,8N,8MN,8LN,8MLN,8MLCuN,and 9C 126to 300
32max
60min
...
...
8A,8CA,8MA,8TA,
8FA,8PA,8NA,8MNA,8LNA,8MLNA,
8MLCuNA,and 9CA
8R,8RA,8S,and 8SA
mba什么意思
183to 27125max 88min ...
...
tho covered by ANSI B 1.1,ANSI B 1.13M ,ANSI B 18.2.2,and ANSI B 18.2.4.6M are not subject to the cone proof load test.
8.3.2Number of Tests —Sample nuts in accordance with 8.1.2.1shall be tested by the manufacturer.
8.3.3Test Method —The test shall consist of asmbling a hardened cone (e Fig.1)and the nut to be tested on a
few
hardened steel mandrel,and applying the proof load specified in Table 5and Table 6.The mandrel shall conform to the requirements of Annex A3,Paragraph A3.5.1of Test Methods and Definitions A 370except that the threads shall be in accordance with ANSI B 1.1of the appropriate thread ries,Class 3A fit or ANSI B 1.13M of the appropriate thread pitch,tolerance 4H.The hardened cone
shall be as described in Fig.2.The lot shall be considered acceptable if the sample nut withstands application of the proof load without failure.9.Dimensions
9.1Nuts shall be hexagonal in shape,and in accordance with the dimensions for the hex or heavy hex ries,as required,by ANSI B 18.2.2and ANSI B 18.2.4.6M .Unless otherwi specified,the American National Standard Heavy Hex Series shall be ud and nuts shall be either double
TABLE 3Proof Load Using Threaded Mandrel —Inch Series
N OTE 1—Proof loads are not design loads.
Nominal Size,in.Threads per Inch Stress Area
in.2
Proof Load,lbf A
Grade 1
Grades 2,2HM,6,6F,7M Grades 2H,3,4,7,16Heavy Hex B奥巴马简介
Hex C
Heavy Hex D Hex E Heavy Hex F Hex G
1⁄4200.03164130382047704300557047705⁄16
180.05246810629078607070917078603⁄8160.0774100809300116201046013560116207⁄16140.10631382012760159401435018600159401⁄2
130.14191845017030212801916024830212809⁄16
120.1822366021840273002457031850273005⁄8
110.2262938027120339003051039550339003⁄4100.3344342040080501004509058450501007⁄890.4626006055440693006237080850693001
80.606787807272090900
8181010600090900
11⁄880.7901027009480011850010670013820011850011⁄48 1.00013000012000015000013500017500015000013⁄88 1.23316020014800018500016650021580018500011⁄28
1.492
194
000
170
040
223800201
400
261
100
223800
All Types of Grade 8,Grades 9C and 9CA
Heavy Hex H
Hex I
1⁄4200.0316254023805⁄16180.0524419039303⁄8160.0774620058107⁄
16140.1063850079701⁄
2
130.141911*********⁄
16120.18214560136505⁄8
110.22618080169503⁄4100.33426720250507⁄890.46236960346501
80.60648480
45450
11⁄880.790632005925011⁄48 1.000800007500013⁄88 1.233986409245011⁄2
8
1.492
119360111900
A See limit for proof load test in 8.2.2.1.The proof load for jam nuts shall be 46%of the tabulated load.B
Bad on proof stress of 130000psi.C
Bad on proof stress of 120000psi.D
Bad on proof stress of 150000psi.E
Bad on proof stress of 135000psi.F
Bad on proof stress of 175000psi.G
Bad on proof stress of 150000psi.H
Bad on proof stress of 80000psi.I
Bad on proof stress of 75000
psi.
FIG.1Application of Hardened Steel Cone to Testing of
Nuts
chamfered or have a machined or forged washer face,at the option of the manufacturer,and,conform to the angularity requirements of ANSI B 18.2.2and ANSI B 18.2.4.6M .
9.2Unless otherwi specified,threads shall be in accor-dance with ANSI B 1.1or ANSI B 1.13M ,and shall be gaged in accordance with ANSI B 1.2and ANSI B 1.13M as de-scribed in 9.2.1and 9.2.2.
9.2.1Nuts up to and inal size shall be UNC Series Class 2B fit.Metric nuts up to and including M24nominal size shall be coar thread ries tolerance 6H.
9.2.2Nuts inal size shall be either UNC Series Class 2B fit or 8UN Series Class 2B fit.Unless otherwi specified,the 8UN ries shall be furnished.Metric nuts over M24nominal size shall be coar thread ries tolerance 6H.
10.Workmanship,Finish,and Appearance
10.1Nuts shall be free of defects and shall be good commercial finish.
10.2If visible surface imperfections in size 1⁄4through 11⁄2in.and M6through M36and in any grade other than Grade 8become a matter of issue between the manufacturer and the purchar,the cone proof load test described in 8.3shall be employed.
TABLE 4Proof Load Using Threaded Mandrel —Metric
N OTE 1—Proof loads are not design loads.
Nominal Size,mm Threads Pitch Stress Area
mm 2
Proof Load,kN A
Grade 1
Grades 2,2HM,6,6F,7M Grades 2H,3,4,7,16Heavy Hex B
Hex C Heavy Hex D
Hex E Heavy Hex F
Hex G M6 1.020.118.016.620.818.729.220.8M8 1.2536.632.830.237.934.044.137.9M10 1.5058.051.947.960.053.969.960.0M12 1.7584.375.569.587.378.4101.687.3M14 2.0115.0102.994.9119.0107.0138.6119.0M16 2.0157.0140.5129.5162.5146.0189.2162.5M20 2.5245.0219.3202.1253.6227.8295.2253.6M22 2.5303.0271.2249.9313.6281.8365.1313.6M24 3.0353.0315.9291.2365.4328.3425.4365.4M27 3.0459.0411.0378.7475.1426.9553.4475.1M30 3.5561.0502.1462.8580.6521.7676.0580.6M36
4.0
817.0
731.2
674.0
845.6
759.8
984.5
845.6
All Types of Grade 8,and Grades 9C and 9CA
Nominal Size,mm
Thread Pitch
Stress Area,mm 2Heavy Hex H
Hex I
M6 1.020.111.110.4M8 1.2536.620.118.8M10 1.5058.031.929.9M12 1.7584.346.443.4M14 2.0115.063.359.2M16 2.0157.086.480.9M20 2.5245.0134.8126.2M22 2.5303.0166.7156.0M24 3.0353.0194.2181.8M27 3.0459.0252.5236.4M30 3.5561.0308.6288.9M36
4.0817.0
449.4420.8
A See limit for proof load test in 8.2.2.1.The proof load for jam nuts shall be 46%of the tabulated load.B
Bad on proof stress of 895MPa.C
Bad on proof stress of 825MPa.D
Bad on proof stress of 1035MPa.E临时英文
Bad on proof stress of 930MPa.F
Bad on proof stress of 1205MPa.G
Bad on proof stress of 1035MPa.H
Bad on proof stress of 550MPa.I
Bad on proof stress of 515
MPa.
FIG.2Hardened Steel
Cone
