TEXT ONE
Britons’ most aring memories of their encounter with foot-and-mouth dia in 2001 are of the piles of animals slaughtered to try to stop its spread. Such a draconian policy might have been accepted had the dia been controlled quickly. But its ineffectiveness—more than 6m cows, sheep and pigs were culled before the dia was eradicated—led to widespread revulsion and a government rethink.
国旗下讲话 期末复习Just as in 2001, if an animal is thought to be infected, its herd will be culled and a quarantine zone t up. But this time, unless the dia is stamped out quickly, animals nearby will also be vaccinated to create a “fire-break” across which it is unlikely to travel. Already 300,000 dos of vaccine have been ordered, so that if government vets decide that slaughter alone is unlikely to be effective, they can start vaccinating straight away.
东京工业大学Humans almost never catch foot-and-mouth and it rarely kills the cloven-hooved beasts it affects. But animals produce less milk and meat, so its economic effects are vere. It is also highly contagious: infected livestock produce the virus that caus it in large quantities, and transmit it through saliva, mucus, milk, faeces and even droplets in their breath.
Even so, only countries where foot-and-mouth is endemic, as in parts of Latin America, vaccinate all an
imals. One reason is cost: the dia is caud by a virus with ven main types and tens of sub-types, with a targeted vaccine needed for each strain and shots repeated, perhaps as often as twice a year. It is also becau vaccinating damages exports. Places that are free from foot-and-mouth are unwilling to import vaccinated beasts, or fresh meat from them, becau they may still carry the dia.
The fear of being shut out of foreign markets led to the British government's disastrous foot-dragging over vaccination in 2001. But that same year an outbreak in the Netherlands involving 26 farms was brought under control in just one month by vaccinating 200,000 animals. Though healthy, the beasts then had to be culled so that farmers could return to exporting without restrictions as soon as possible.
Not even eternal vigilance on imports can keep a country free of foot-and-mouth dia: the latest outbreak was apparently caud by a breach of bio-curity at the Pirbright laboratory complex in Surrey, where government rearchers keep the live virus for vaccine rearch and Merial, an American animal-health company, manufactures vaccine for export. Human action, accidental or deliberate, ems likely to have been involved.
Ironically, one reason for eschewing vaccination is that although it provides the best hope of dealing with outbreaks, maintaining the capacity to produce vaccine is itlf a risky business. Many earlier episodes of foot-and-mouth in countries normallymania
free from the dia have been caud by laboratory escapes; in 1970 a leak from Pirbright's isolation facilities was fortunately contained.
1. Which one of the following statements is not TRUE of the foot-and-mouth dia in Briton in 2001?
[A] The dia had never been effectively controlled throughout the event.
[B] The policy of slaughtering animals to stop the dia spread proved to be a failure.
[C] The slaughtering policy was arousing discontent among the public in Britons.
[D] The government failed to take immediate actions of creating fire-break around the infected livestock.
2. The new policy is different from the policy in 2001 in the following aspects except_____
爱国的演讲稿[A] the piles of animals will not be slaughtered as in 2001.
出国留学费用[B] animals near the infected herb will be injected with vaccine.
[C] a belt of quarantine with vaccinated animals will be erected.
[D] it is paying more attention to prevention of the outbreak of the epidemic.
3．Only a few countries have all of their animals injected with vaccines becau of the following reason except_____
[A] it is unnecessary to vaccinate all the animals in counties in which there are little chances of infecting foot-and-mouth.
[B] the cost of vaccines against all types of the virus causing the dia is very high.
[C] vaccinated animals are less welcomed by importing countries.
[D] the vaccine cost will be rising as types of virus causing the dia are increasing. 4．Though vaccinated animals were free from the foot-and-mouth in Britain and Netherlands in 2001, they were still slaughtered becau_____
[A] they may be more likely to infect the virus than the healthy ones.
[B] the exporting restrictions were too strict to let the animals pass the custom.
[C] the farmers were afraid of being deprived of the exporting right.
[D] the government wanted to regain the former status of exporting animals.
5．The outbreak of foot-and-mouth dia may be a result of the following situations except_____
[A] animals being wrongly or incompletely injected with vaccination.
[B] importing animals from the countries with the foot-and-mouth-dia.
[C] leak of the virus during the rearch experimentation.
[D] malicious actions by some people with particular purpo.
篇章剖析：
这篇文章介绍了应对英国口蹄疫的一些情况。第一段讲述了英国2001年发生口蹄疫后采取的措施效果不佳；第二段讲述现在应对口蹄疫的新方法；第三段讲述口蹄疫带来的危害；第四段、第五段讲述注射疫苗方法存在的问题；第六、七段讲述研制疫苗过程中的病毒泄漏可能导致疫情。
词汇注释：人种学
aring adj. 灼热的draconian adj. 严峻的
cull v. 剔除revulsion n. 巨变
quarantine n. 隔离stamp out 根除
磋商什么意思
contagious adj. 传染性的saliva n. 唾液
mucus n. 粘液faeces .n. 粪便
droplet n. 小滴endemic adj. 地方性的
难句突破：
(1)One reason is cost: the dia is caud by a virus with ven main types and tens
of sub-types, with a targeted vaccine needed for each strain and shots repeated, perhaps as often as twice a year.
[主体句式] One reason is cost: the dia is caud by a virus .
[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，a virus 后面with引导的短语是做定语，with a targeted vaccine…是做前面types and sub-types的定语。
[句子译文] 其原因之一就是成本：口蹄疫由一种病毒引发，该病毒有三个种类和十几个次种类，每个重复出现的种类有对应的疫苗，通常两年重复出现一次。
(2)Not even eternal vigilance on imports can keep a country free of foot-and-mouth
dia: the latest outbreak was apparently caud by a breach of bio-curity at the Pirbright laboratory complex in Surrey, where government rearchers keep the live virus for vaccine rearch and Merial, an American animal-health company, manufactures vaccine for export.
[主体句式] Not even eternal vigilance can keep a country free of…: the latest outbreak was caud by…
[结构分析]这是一个复杂句，where 引导的定语从句用来修饰前面的Surrey；where引导的定语从句是一个并列句构成的，government rearchers keep … and Merial manufactures…
严格英文
[句子译文] 对进口产品保持警觉也不能保证一个国家免于口蹄疫，最近的一次疫情爆发显然是由于Surrey的Pirbright实验室复合体生物安全出现了问题，其中政府研究者保存了活的病毒以供疫苗研究，而美国动物健康公司Merial则制造疫苗以供出口。
[答案] A
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析]细节题。据第一段，该疾病最终被消灭了，但是代价是巨大的，但不管如何，疾病被控制住了。因此A选项的表述是错误的，而该选项是正确的。B选项，第一段提到这种政策不是很有效，因此可以说是失败了。C选项，第一段提到了这种政策没有效果，因此引起了更大范围的反感；D选项，文章第一段指出政府没有及时给染病的动物打预防针。因此，A选项为正确答案。
[答案] A
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
看图填词[分析] 细节题。根据第二段，新的举措主要是将染疫牧群旁边的动物注射疫苗，形成隔离带。A, 第二段提到了染病牧群还是会被屠宰掉，因此不是不同之处。
B、C、D都是关于利用疫苗来进行防御的，符合题意。因此，答案为A选项。
[答案]D
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
imco
[分析] 细节题。根据第四段，口蹄疫有一定的地方性，某些频繁暴发的地区就要给所有的动物注射疫苗，其他的地方就不一定了。A选项, 虽然文章没有明显地提到这一点，但是可以推理得到该结论；B、C选项第四段有提及；D选项，第四段没有提到这一点，只是提到由于病毒种类多，疫苗成本也高。因此，答案为D选项。
