The California Gold Rush
Gold rush is a period of feverish migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of gold in the 19th century, it has took place in veral countries such as the US, Argentina, Australia, Canada, South Africa and so on. It promoted the development of capitalist economy greatly. The one in California, may be the most notable one.
Typically, gold rushes are started by a discovery of placer gold made by an individual, as it was in the California gold rush. It began on January 24, 1848, when gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California.News of the discovery soon spread, resulting in some 300,000 men, women, and children coming to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. Of the 300,000, approximately 150,000 arrived by a while the remaining 150,000 arrived by land. It is undoubtedly that California stimulated worldwide interest in prospecting for gold.
英语听力怎么提高The early gold-ekers, called "forty-niners," traveled to California by sailing boat and in
covered wagons across the continent, often facing substantial hardships on the trip. While most of the newly-arrived were Americans, the Gold Rush attracted tens of thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia, and Asia. At first, the prospectors retrieved the gold from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques, such as panning.
More sophisticated methods of gold recovery developed which were later adopted around the world. Then gold, worth billions of today's dollars, was recovered, which led to great wealth for a few. However, many returned home with little more than they started with.
The California gold rush had far-reaching influence in every aspects of the society at that time. San Francisco grew from a small ttlement to a boomtown, and roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. A system of laws and a government were created, leading to the admission of California as a free state in 1850 as part of the Compromi of 1850. What's more，new methods of transportation developed as steamships came into regular rvice and railroads were built. The business of agriculture, California's next major growth field, was started on a wide scale t
hroughout the state. It was the product of The Westward Movement and had carried it a step forward on the other hand.
However, the Gold Rush also had negative effects, Native Americans were attacked and pushed off traditional lands, and gold mining caud environmental harm. But we can never deny it just becau of tho negative effects.
任性 翻译一对一高中补课The California gold rush obeyed the life cycle of all gold rushes. Within each mining rush there is typically a transition through progressively higher capital expenditures, larger organizations, and more specialized knowledge. They may also progress from high-unit value to lower unit value minerals (from gold to silver to ba metals).
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The rush is started by a discovery of placer gold made by an individual. At first the gold may be washed from the sand and gravel by individual miners with little training, using a gold pan or similar simple instrument. Once it is clear that the volume of gold-bearing diment is larger than a few cubic meters, the placer miners will build rockers or sluice boxes, with which a small group can wash gold from the diment many times faster than
disabled是什么意思using gold pans. Winning the gold in this manner requires almost no capital investment, only a simple pan or equipment that may be built on the spot, and only simple organization. The low investment, the high value per unit weight of gold, and the ability of gold dust and gold nuggets to rve as a medium of exchange, allow placer gold rushes to occur even in remote locations.
After the sluice-box stage, placer mining may become increasingly large scale, requiring larger organizations, and higher capital expenditures. Small claims owned and mined by individuals may need to be merged into larger tracts. Difficult-to-reach placer deposits may be mined by tunnels. Water may be diverted by dams and canals to placer mine active river beds or to deliver water needed to wash dry placers. The more advanced techniques may be ud.byt
Typically the placer gold rush would last only a few years. The free gold supply in stream beds would become depleted somewhat quickly, and hardrock mining, like placer mining, may evolve from low capital investment and simple technology to progressively higher ca
pital and technology. The surface outcrop of a gold-bearing vein may be oxidized. As the district turns to lower-grade ore, the mining may change from underground mining to large open-pit mining.dozen
Many silver rushes followed upon gold rushes. As transportation and infrastructure improve, the focus may change progressively from gold to silver to ba metals. In this way, Leadville, Colorado started as a placer gold discovery, achieved fame as a silver-mining district.
The profits of gold were beyond imagination, so it is understandable that people were so crazy about gold rush. Although the conventional wisdom is that merchants made more money than miners during the Gold Rush, the reality is perhaps more complex. There were certainly merchants who profited handsomely. The wealthiest man in California during the early years of the Gold Rush was Samuel Brannan, the tireless lf-promoter, shopkeeper and newspaper publisher. Brannan alertly opened the first supply stores in Sacramento, Coloma, and other spots in the gold fields. Just as the Gold Rush began, he 常用英语口语大全
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purchad all the prospecting supplies available in San Francisco and re-sold them at a substantial profit. However, substantial money was made by gold-ekers as well. For example, within a few months, one small group of prospectors, working on the Feather River in 1848, retrieved a sum of gold worth more than $1.5 million by 2006 prices. The paths the gold was amazing and interesting. First, much of the gold was ud locally to purcha food, supplies and lodging for the miners. It also went towards entertainment, which consisted of anything from a traveling theater to alcohol, gambling, and prostitutes. The transactions often took place using the recently recovered gold, carefully weighed out. The merchants and vendors, in turn, ud the gold to purcha supplies from ship captains or packers bringing goods to California. The gold then left California aboard ships or mules to go to the makers of the goods from around the world. As the Gold Rush progresd, local banks and gold dealers issued "banknotes" or "drafts"—locally accepted paper currency—in exchange for gold, and private mints created private gold coins. With the building of the San Francisco Mint in 1854, gold bullion was turned into official United States gold coins for circulation. The gold was also later nt by California
augustanabanks to U.S. national banks in exchange for national paper currency to be ud in the booming California economy.
