大学英语六级分类模拟题462
(总分334,考试时间90分钟)
Part Ⅰ Writinghypothesis什么意思
old woman在线观看
italian怎么读>等一下英语1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following situation. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
2010年考研政治真题 Suppo you have a new classmate from abroad and he or she is not so familiar with Chine culture and customs. This year, you are going to invite him or her to your home to spend the Spring Festival with you and your family. Write him or her an invitation letter and introduce to him or her about the traditional Chine Spring Festival.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Section A
The Advantages of Being Helpless
A. At every stage of early development, human babies lag behind infants from other species. A kitten can walk slowly across a room within moments of birth and catch its first mou within weeks, while its human counterpart takes months to make her first step, and years to learn even simple tasks, such as how to tie a shoelace or skip a rope. Yet, in the cognitive race, human babies turn out to be much like thetortoi(乌龟) in Aesop"s fable: emerging triumphant after a slow and steady climb to the finish.
pron B. Yet, this victory ems puzzling. In the fable, the tortoi wins the race becau the hare takes a nap. But, if anything, human infants nap even more than kittens! And unlike the noble tortoi, babies are helpless, and more to the point, hopeless. They could not learn the basic skills necessary to their independent survival. How do human babies manage to turn things around in the end?
C. In a recent article inCurrent Directions in Psychological Science, Sharon Thompson-Schill, Michael Ramscarand Evangelia Chrysikou make the ca that this very helplessness is what allows human babies to advance far beyond other animals. They pr
opo that our delayedcortical development(皮质发育) is precily what enables us to acquire the cultural building blocks, such as language, that make up the foundations of human achievement. In the same way, they suggest, our ability to learn **es at the price of an extended period of cognitive immaturity.
D. This claim hinges on a peculiar and unique feature of our cognitive architecture: the stunningly slow development of theprefrontal cortex(前额皮质), or PFC. The PFC is often referred to as the "control" center of the brain. One of its main functions is of lectively filtering information from the ns, allowing us to attend to specific actions, goals, or tasks. For this reason, cognitive "control" tasks are thought to be one of the best asssors of PFC function and maturity.
E. TheStroop task(斯特鲁普任务) rves as a simple asssor of PFC function in adults. The task involves naming the ink color of a contrasting color word: for example, you might e the word "red" written in green ink, in which ca you have to say "green". Tricky or not, healthy adults can **plete the task with only minor hesitation. Children, with
their immature PFC"s, are a different story. Typically, the younger children are, the wor they are at solving Stroop-like tasks, and under the age of four, they outright fail them. While young children are nsitive, apt learners, and often appear to fully understand what is being asked of them, they are unable to mediate the conflicting demands prent in the sorts of tasks, and thus fail them, time and time again. Three-year olds simply cannot direct how they attend to or respond to the world.
amethystF. Thompson-Schill and her colleagues suggest that this inability to direct attention has important conquences when it comes to learning about uncertain events. For example, imagine you are playing a guessing game: You have to choo one of two options, either A or B, one of which leads to a prize, and the other does not. After a few rounds, you notice that about 3/4 of the time the prize is at A, and the rest of the time it is at B, so you decide to guess "A" 75 percent of the time and "B" 25 percent of the time. This is called probability matching, and it is the respon pattern most adults tend to adopt in the circumstances. However, if the goal is to win the most prizes, it is not the best strategy. In fact, to maximize the number of correct predictions, you should always pick the more freq
公输翻译
uent outcome (or, in this ca, always pick "A").vlog是什么意思怎么读
G. Interestingly, if you were playing this kind of guessing game with a kid, you would e that he would employ the maximization strategy almost immediately becau they lack the cognitive flexibility that would allow them to alternate between A and B. Fortunately for them, in this guessing game scenario, maximization is the right choice.
H. While it may not be immediately obvious what this has to do with language learning, it just might have everything to do with it, becau language relies on conventions. In order for language to work, speakers and listeners have to have the same idea about what things mean, and they have to u words in similar ways. This is where **e in. Young children, as it turns out, act like finely tunedantennas(天线), picking up the dominant frequency in their surroundings and ignoring the static. Becau of this—becau children tend to pick up on what is common and consistent, while ignoring what is variable and unreliable—they end up homing in on and reproducing only the most frequent patterns in what they hear. In doing so they fail to learn many of the subtleties an
d characteristics prent in adult speech (they **e to learn or invent tho later). However, this one-track learning style means that what they do learn is highly conventionalized.
山口美花
