摘要
城市化是现代社会发展的主要特征之一。城市面积在全球陆地面积中仅占3%左右，却居住着世界总人口的半数以上。据国家统计局统计，2016年底我国城镇人口占总人口比重（城镇化率）已达57.35%，从诺瑟姆城市发展的曲线上看依然处在快速发展的阶段。我国人口众多的特殊国情，导致了许多城市向高密度化发展。高密度城市的建筑、基础设施和人口的集聚度高，可用于绿化建设的土地资源非常有限。如何实现高密度城市的绿地系统与生态空间可持续发展，解决高密度城市用地稀缺和居民对绿地需求之间的矛盾，已成为当代城市发展必须面对的重要课题之一。
本文选取澳门半岛高密度城区绿地系统为主要研究对象，采用“文献研究-实地调研-论证分析-规划实证”相结合的融贯研究方法，贯彻“实践与理论结合、创新与实效并重”的原则，探讨了适于以澳门半岛为例的高密度城市(区)绿地系统评价指标与规划布局模式。
本文内容共分为六章。第一、二章主要为文献综述，对高密度城市的基本定义、门槛标准、环境特征、发展动态等进行基础理论研究，旨在厘清相关研究概念，为构建本文的理论框架打好基础。
第三章进一步分析了高密度城市人居环境的发展基本状况、世界城市高密度发展的趋势、高密度城区对于绿地的需求以及现有绿地系统规划方法用于高密度城区的制约；阐述了高密度城市绿化建设用地的需求与结构。研究发现，国内一般高密度城市绿化建设用地的占比较澳门半岛偏低；高密度城市的建设用
地内绿地率较一般城市而言更低；且建设用地内绿地率和人均绿地面积随人口密度增高而下降。同时，在高密度城市里，人均公园绿地面积指标不能确切反映居民生态游憩的质量情况，应该将人均游憩绿地面积视为主要考量对象。第四章主要论证在高密度城市中构建绿地系统评价体系的目标和原则。基于高密度城市空间的特殊性，更应注重的是从三维空间的角度进行绿量衡量、充分考虑居民的使用感受、微绿空间构建以及绿地综合效益指标衡量等方面。针对高密度城区路网密集、街区尺度小的情况，提出“测量精准化”和“尺度缩小化”的调研工作原则。通过对澳门半岛城区绿地系统的实证研究，论证了城市空间绿视率、城区绿斑密度、绿地价值评估和城市公园服务水平等对高密度城市绿化建设意义重大的指标，并在澳门半岛做了实际应用。
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第五章分析了国内外的绿地布局基本形式和布局实例，提出适用于高密度城市的纤维网状绿地系统规划布局模式和“绿纤联通、小地大用、求精求巧、人地
密接”的规划要点，用柔性的方式对散布于高密街区中的小微绿地空间进行整合和规划。本章梳理提出了高密度城市绿地系统的规划适用指标，包括①空间绿量指数(绿地率+绿视率)，②休憩绿地占比，③人均休憩绿地，④公园服务盖度，并结合现有应用指标构建高密度城市绿地系统评价体系。同时，参考相关技术规范数据与学术成果进行规划指标赋值研究，尝试将这些规划指标应用于指导澳门半岛绿
地系统规划实践。具体方法为：按照从城区到堂区的方式，对澳门半岛的绿地构成、分布和绿量进行评价，并按照设定的指标要求提出规划措施，通过纤维绿地网络结构进行整体串联，进一步提高城区空间绿量、优化公园盖度和绿地的居民可达性，使澳门半岛城区的绿地系统布局更趋合理，质量更高。leave过去式
第六章为主要研究结论和相关问题讨论，在总结全文研究内容的基础上，进一步探讨澳门半岛城区绿地系统建设经验的普适性、高密度城市(区)绿地系统规划适用指标的拓展等问题。
翻译器英文翻中文
visa是什么意思关键词：高密度城市(城区)，城市绿地系统，评价指标，规划布局，澳门半岛
ABSTRACT
Urbanization is one of the main characteristics of the development of modern society, as above 50% population reside in cities accounting for about 3% of the Earth’s land surface. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the proportion of urban population to total population (urbanization rate) has reached 57.35% in the end of 2016, which remaining at the interval of rapid development in Northam Curve. It is inevitable for China, a nation with enormous population, to be loaded with high- density cities. In such cities, resources from architectures to infrastructures and population are highly concentrated, thus little land resources can be spared for greening. It has become a tough issue of b
敬爱的拼音alancing between development and green space construction, building a sustainable green space system.
This paper lects the Macao Peninsula high density urban green space system as the main study object, using the method of “Literature rearch- Field rearch - Analysis - Planning layout” , which combining of theory and practice. This paper has also discuss the suitable evaluation index and layout approach for green space system of high density city as Macao peninsula.
This paper is divided into six chapters. Rearch conceptions concerned are illustrated in Chapter I and ChapterⅡ,introducing the definition, threshold standards, environmental characteristics and development trends of high-density cities. The purpo is to clarify relevant rearch concepts and lay a foundation for constructing the theoretical framework of this paper.
Chapter III further analyzes the high density city living environment, the development trend situation of high density cities, the demand of green space in high density cities, and the restrict of existing planning method for green space system in high density urban area; expounds the high density city greening construction land demand and land structure. The study found out that the proportion of green land to construction land in domestic usual cities are lower than in high-density cities as Maca
o Peninsula; the rate of green land for construction land in high-density cities is lower than that in general cities; the construction rate of green space and per capita green area are coming down with the population density incread. At the same time, in the high-density cities, per capita park green area index cannot accurately reflect the quality of the ecological recreation of residents, and the per capita recreational green space
报税英文
should be regarded as the main object of consideration.
estimates
Purpos and principles of evaluation system of green space system construction in high-density city are established in Chapter IV. Bad on the particularity of high-density urban space, what should be pay more attention to is measuring the green quantity from the three-dimensional perspective, taking the feeling of residents into consideration, construction of micro green space, and evaluating the comprehensive benefit index of green land. Under the situation of denly road networks in urban district and tiny neighborhood scales of high-density cities, we put forward the principle of “surveying accuracy”and “scaling down”. Through empirical rearch on Macau peninsula urban green space system, demonstrates the indexes which include visible green index, g
delicatesnreen patch density, green value asssment and city park rvice level are of great significance to the high density urban greening construction. And then we take actual application in Macao peninsula.
Domestic and foreign models and cas of green layout are analyzed in Chapter V. Bad on that, this chapter has put forward fibrous network planning model of green space system in high-density city, where stress are laid on establishing “fibrous interlaces among efficiently utilized delicate green space and intimate connections between land and people” by integration and planning of small green space scattering in high-density blocks in a flexible way. Moreover, planning indexes of green space system in high-density city are propod, namely ①green space index (i.e., green space ratio+green looking ratio), ②leisure green space ratio, ③per capital leisure green space ratio, ④garden coverage. The results fill the blanks of relative fields.Furthermore, planning indexes are assigned with technical specifications and academic rearch fruits as parameters. Results are applied to planning practice of green space system on Macau Peninsular to evaluate composition, distribution and amount of green space in urban areas and parishes respectively and to prent planning measures according to index requisitions. Ultimately, fibrous network is adopted to connect green space as a whole, so that green space amount, garden coverage and resident accessibility ca
n be improved, meanwhile more reasonable distribution and high-quality green space can be realized in Macau Peninsula.
Chapter VI is to discuss the main conclusions of the study and related issues, bad on a summary of the rearch on the content. Furthermore, this chapter explore the universal of green space system construction in other cities besides Macau Peninsula, the application expand of green space system planning index for high density city
fitted
(district), etc.
垃圾邮件英语Keywords：High density city(district), Urban green space system, Evaluation index, Planning layout, Macau Peninsula.
